氮磷水平与比例对不同品质类型春小麦磨粉品质的影响

以3个不同品质类型春小麦品种为材料,在田间施肥试验基础上探讨了不同氮磷水平与比例对春麦千粒重、容重及各项出粉率等磨粉品质性状的影响。结果表明,施肥处理间容重、心粉出粉率和总出粉率差异显著。氮磷水平与比例的提高,对各基因型千粒重的影响很小,却使容重显著降低,总出粉率普遍显著增加。各基因型心粉出粉率随氮肥增施显著降低,而随磷肥增施显著增加;皮粉出粉率随氮磷肥增施不同基因型呈现不同变化。千粒重、容重与各项出粉率受氮磷肥影响程度各基因型间呈现一定差异。强筋品种千粒重、容重更易受氮水平影响,而中筋与弱筋品种则更易受磷水平影响。在受氮磷肥增施影响程度方面,总出粉率和心粉出粉率均为强筋大于中筋品种;皮粉出粉率则是弱筋品种受影响较大。适当增施氮磷肥有利于提高春小麦磨粉品质。

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus supply on milling quality in spring wheat with different genotypes

With three genotypes of spring wheat as experimental materials,the fertilization experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels and ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus on the milling quality traits of spring wheat,including 1000-grain weight,bulk weight as well as extraction rates of all sorts of flour.The results showed that there are significant differences of grain bulk weight,core flour extraction rate and total flour extraction rate among the fertilization treatments.The bulk weight and total flour extraction rate were more sensitve to nitrogen and phosphorus supply than 1000-grain weight.With the enhancement of nitrogen and phosphorus level and ratio,the 1000-grain weight of different genotypes varied little generally,while the bulk weight decreased significantly and the total flour extraction rate increased significantly.The core flour extraction rate of all genotypes dropped significantly with the increase of nitrogen supply,but rised markedly with the increase of phosphorus supply;however,the coat flour extraction rate of different genotypes vary dissimilarly with the addition of nitrogen and phosphorus supply.The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus supply on 1000-grain weight,bulk weight and extraction rate of all sorts of flour differed obviously for different genotypes.The 1000-grain weight and bulk weight of strong gluten cultivars were influenced easily by nitrogen level,but those of middle and weak gluten cultivars were influenced easily by phosphorus level.The core flour extraction rate and total flour extraction rate of strong gluten genotypes were more easily affected by nitrogen and phosphorus level and ratio than those of middle gluten genotypes,while the coat flour extraction rate of weak gluten genotypes was more easily affected.It was concluded that the milling quality traits of spring wheat could be improved distinctly by properly increasing nitrogen and phosphorus supply.