Methods of analysis for georeferenced sample counts of tarnished plant bugs in cotton |
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Authors: | J L Willers J N Jenkins J M McKinion Pat Gerard K B Hood J R Bassie M D Cauthen |
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Institution: | (1) Genetics and Precision Agriculture Research Unit, USDA - ARS, P.O. Box 5367, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA;(2) Department of Applied Economics and Statistics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA;(3) Perthshire Farms, Gunnison, MS, USA;(4) Bassie Ag Service, Cleveland, MS, USA;(5) Cauthen Entomological Service, Rena Lara, MS, USA |
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Abstract: | The problem of analyzing georeferenced cotton pest insect samples when a large percentage of the counts are zero is examined.
The use of appropriate statistical methods for their analysis is required. To demonstrate this, georeferenced samples (n = 63) of tarnished plant bugs (TPBs; Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois] (Heteroptera: Miridae)) were analyzed by three statistical methods and the results were compared. Correlation
analysis of the sample counts with 25 classes of cotton growth derived from an unsupervized classification of multispectral
imagery was followed by a complete enumeration analysis comprising three scenarios. The first scenario assumed the insect
samples were unstratified. A distribution of sample averages was created by complete enumeration of all combinations of samples
taken four at a time. The second scenario used imagery of the cotton fields to allocate the samples among three cotton growth
categories (marginal, good or best) derived by a supervized classification of the 25 unsupervized classes. The insect samples
associated with these categorical habitats were completely enumerated using allocations of 4, 6, 8 or 10 samples at a time
from various sample sizes to determine how different allocations affected the results. The mean was not affected, but the
standard deviation decreased with increased allocation sizes in all habitats. The third scenario used the two observers and
three habitat categories to create six additional complete enumeration distributions by allocating four samples at a time
from groups of varying sample sizes. These enumeration distributions are non-parametric estimators of the sampling distribution
of: (1) the sample averages of a given sample size when samples are taken from the entire field, (2) the sample averages of
a given size when samples are taken from each cotton habitat or (3) the sample averages of a given sample size from samples
taken from each habitat by each observer. To support the enumeration analyses, these insect samples were analyzed further
by Poisson regression models. These models showed significant differences between TPB counts by the two observers and among
the habitats, whereas the observer by habitat interaction was not significant. For every combination of observer and cotton
growth category, a Poisson regression model estimated the mean rate of TPB numbers. These means were similar to the corresponding
modes of the complete enumeration distributions. The two non-standard methods showed that TPB numbers differed by habitat
categories even though there were samples with a zero count, whereas a correlation analysis failed to identify a relationship
between TPB sample counts and unsupervized habitat classes. |
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Keywords: | Sampling Complete enumeration Poisson regression Remote sensing Cotton insect management Site-specific agriculture |
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