改良高干开心形富士苹果树冠不同层次相对光照强度分布与枝叶的关系

以12 a生富士苹果(Malus domestica Borkh cv.Red Fuji)为试材,研究了改良高干开心形树冠不同层次相对光照强度的分布、季节动态变化与枝叶数量间的关系。结果表明,树冠相对光照强度从上部到下部逐渐降低,同一冠层内相对光照强度从内膛到外围逐步增加;树冠最上层5—10月呈平稳趋势,而中下部5—7月呈下降趋势,7月份后趋于稳定;小于30%的相对光照强度的树冠体积在年生长周期内逐渐增加:5—6月份为15%,7—8月27%,9—10月30%。新梢的空间分布研究表明,>30 cm的长枝(梢)、15～30 cm的中长枝(梢)、5～15 cm中枝(梢)和小于5 cm的短枝(梢)分别集中分布在冠层高度2.0m以上、1.5～2.5m、1.0～2.0m和1.0～2.5m冠层内;生长季总枝量100.39万条/hm2,长、中长、中和短梢占总枝量的比例分别为6.44%、5.52%、14.40%、73.64%,多于6片叶的短梢占总短枝量的42.08%。应用多元统计分析的方法建立了树冠相对光照强度与枝(梢)叶量关系的回归方程,相对光照强度值与累计枝梢数量和叶面积系数呈负指数关系,苹果优质生产和最佳利用光能的群体结构参数为总枝(梢)量小于96万条/hm2,叶面积系数控制在3.9以下,长、中、短梢比例分别为10.91%、13.70%和75.39%。

Relationships between distribution of relative light intensity and shoots and foliage in different tier of canopy of Red Fuji apple trees with modified open centre tree shape

Twelve-year-old trees of Red Fuji apple cultivar trained with modified open center shape were used for studying the relationship between the dynamic distribution of the relative light intensity and the types of shoots and leaf area index in different tier of the canopy.The results showed that the distribution of relative light intensity was gradually descended from top to bottom and gradually increased from inner to outer at the same tier of the canopy.The seasonal changes of relative light intensity in the upper tier of the canopy was stable from May to October,while in the middle and lower tiers were gradually descended from May to July and were stable after July.The diurnal change of relative light intensity in the canopy was low to high to low from morning to evening.The percent proportion of <30% relative light intensity in volume of the canopy were separately 15%,27% and 30% during May to June,July to August and September to October.The new shoots distribution in the canopy showed that ≥30 cm,15 to 30 cm,5 to 15 cm and ≤5 cm shoots were mainly located in above 2.0 m,1.5 to 2.5 m,1.0 to 2.0 m and 1.0 to 2.5 m height of the canopy.The total numbers of new shoots and percent proportion of ≥30 cm,15 to 30 cm,5 to 15 cm and ≤5 cm were 100.39 ten thousand/ha.,6.44%,5.52%,14.40% and 73.64% respectively and ≥6 leaves spur shoot more than 42.08%.The multiple statistic analysis was used to set up a regression equation,which were negative exponent relationship between relative light intensity value and accumulative shoots and leaf area index.The parameter of canopy structure for good qualities and high yield of Red Fuji apple trees were obtained,which were about 960 000/ hm2 shoots,with leaf areas index less then 3.9 and percent proportion of long,middle and spur shoots of 10.91%,13.70% and 75.39% respectively.