高温及覆土逆境对茶尺蠖蛹羽化的影响

茶尺蠖是茶树重要害虫，为了全面了解环境对茶尺蠖蛹的影响，在室内通过5个温度（24、26、28、30、32℃）和4个（0、1、2、4 cm）覆土处理茶尺蠖蛹，观察茶尺蠖蛹羽化情况，探讨温度和覆土逆境环境对茶尺蠖蛹的影响。结果表明，在24～32℃温度范围内，随着温度的升高，蛹的发育历期明显缩短，同时也对羽化率产生显著影响，羽化率随着温度的升高呈现升高后降低的趋势；26℃羽化率最高为82．12％，26℃后处理温度越高，羽化率越低；高温使雌蛾蛹早于雄蛹羽化，雌雄比例上升。覆土对茶尺蠖蛹羽化有明显影响，随着覆土深度加深，茶尺蠖蛹的羽化率呈现升高后降低的趋势，在覆土深度4 cm 时，茶尺蠖羽化率最低，为33．33％，所以，可以在茶尺蠖化蛹高峰期采用深耕翻土方式，对减轻其为害具有一定的作用。覆土对茶尺蠖开始羽化的时间无显著影响。

Effect of Temperature and Soil Coverage on Pupae Emergence of Ectropis obliqu Prout

Tea looper moths,Ectropis obliqu Prout,is one of the major pests that infest tea bushes,Camellia sinensis ,at the plantations. To determine the effect of ambient temperature and soil coverage on the emergence of the moth pupae,5 temperatures (i.e.24,26,28,30,and 32℃)and 4 depths of covering soil (i.e.,0,1,2,and 4 cm)were applied for the study in the lab. The results showed that,at 24-32℃,the pupae development period was shortened with significantly altered emergence rates. The rate reached a peak of 82.12% at 26℃ followed by a steady decline under further increased temperatures. At high temperatures,the eclosion of the female pupae occurred earlier than that of male pupae,and the female/male ratios in a population were raised as a result. Soil covered over the pupae also exerted a significant effect on eclosion of the moth. The lowest emergence rate of 33.33% was found when the pupae were covered by 4 cm of soil. Therefore,deep plowing could ameliorate the harmful effect on tea plants during the peak pest season. On the other hand,no significant effect of the soil coverage on the time of pupae emergence was observed.