福美双和戊唑醇增效与拮抗组合对小麦赤霉病菌细胞膜透性及内含物渗漏的影响

药剂对病原菌的联合作用通常表现为增效、相加和拮抗三类形式。为了揭示药剂组合产生增效与拮抗的特性，本文通过菌丝生长速率法，进行了福美双与戊唑醇药剂组合对小麦赤霉病菌的协同增效作用测定。选择福美双与戊唑醇配比为7:10的增效组合（SM，EC500.0331μg/mL）、配比为9:4的拮抗组合（AM，EC502.2937μg/mL），通过电导率法检测菌丝细胞膜通透性的改变程度，试图比较增效与拮抗药剂组合的差异。增效组合处理菌丝细胞后，60min后的电导率一直表现上升，表明存在着菌丝细胞内含物不断外渗的现象；而拮抗组合处理的菌丝细胞渗透性比对照较弱。测定菌丝细胞渗漏的还原糖、几丁质酶、可溶性蛋白等三种细胞内含物含量，发现其随时间变化趋势不同：增效组合使还原糖含量在25 h时，下降为对照的18.91%；几丁质酶活性在5~20 h之间增加；可溶性蛋白含量短期内上升随后下降。而在拮抗组合条件下，菌丝细胞内含物含量随时间的变化与对照或某一单剂趋势相同。药剂组合协同增效作用测定和增效与拮抗组合的作用机理探讨，应成为筛选和评价药剂增效组合的依据。

The influence of cell membrane permeability and leakage of contents with the synergistic and antagonistic mixtures of the partners of Thiram and Tebuconazole to Fusarium graminearum

When fungicides are mixed togather the level of activity can be influenced in three ways; there can be antagonistic, additive, or synergistic interactions between the partners. In order to reveal the the characteristics of the synergistic and antagonistic mixtures on fungicide, that article through the tests of mycelial growth rate,going on the determination of the synergies of the partners of Thiram and Tebuconazole to Fusarium graminearum. Selected the synergistic(SM, EC500.0331μg/mL) for the 7:10 ratio and antagonistic(AM, EC502.2937μg/mL) for the the 9:4 ratio mixtures, through the tests of electrical conductivity to detecte the changes of the permeability of the cell membrane, trying to compare the differences of the synergistic and antagonistic mixtures. Dealing with Hyphae within the cells of synergistic mixture , after 60min the conductivity increased, which shown that there is a phenomenon of the hyphal cell inclusions leakage constantly;and antagonist mixtures deal with the mycelial cell permeability,which is less than that of the contrast. The determination of reducing sugar ,chitinase, soluble protein content of three cell inclusions to Hyphae within the cells and found that the different trend over time: the reducing sugar content of synergistic mixture so that in 25 h, the decline for the contrast of 18.91%; chitinase activity in between 5~20 h increased; soluble protein contently increased by the subsequent and decline in the short term. In the conditions of antagonistic mixture, Hyphal cell containing content changes nearely the contrast or has the same trend to a single partner over time. The basic of selection and evaluation on the synergistic mixture should be the determination on synergies of fungicide mixture and mechanism of synergistic and antagonistic mixtures.