Evolution of chlorpyrifos, fenarimol, metalaxyl, penconazole, and vinclozolin in red wines elaborated by carbonic maceration of Monastrell grapes

The influence of the different steps involved in the wine-making process on the disappearance of chlorpyrifos, fenarimol, metalaxyl, penconazole, and vinclozolin in red wines elaborated by carbonic maceration of Monastrell grapes was studied. The initial levels of the residues in grapes ranged from 0.28 mg/kg (penconazole) to 1 mg/kg (chlorpyrifos). Ten days after the beginning of maceration, the compound that had decreased least was chlorpyrifos (83% of initial value remaining), whereas metalaxyl, the least persistent of the residues, had decreased to 49% of its initial value. In the free-run juice, on the other hand, the highest percentage remaining corresponded to metalaxyl (10%) and the lowest to chlorpyrifos (0. 1%). After pressing, the percentages of initial values eliminated in pomace varied from 82.7% for chlorpyrifos to 17.7% for metalaxyl, whereas in the press juice the opposite was the case (37% metalaxyl and 2% chlorpyrifos remaining). In finished wine, there were residues of all the pesticides, with the exception of chlorpyrifos, metalaxyl (21%) being the most persistent. The percentages eliminated in the lees varied from 1.5 to 2.5% of the initial value.