一种野生苦瓜的部分形态特征、营养成分和染色体核型

研究了一种野生苦瓜的形态特征、营养成分及染色体核型.结果表明：与栽培品种相比,这种野生苦瓜的叶片、瓜果、种子均为小型,田间表现抗病、抗虫性强;经测定,其果肉的蛋白质、粗脂肪含量接近或低于栽培品种,维生素C含量为1 187.6 mg/kg,高于栽培品种“早丰3号”（816.0 mg/kg）.染色体数目为2n=2x=22,同于栽培品种.田间调查还发现,野生苦瓜能够与栽培苦瓜自然杂交结果,自然杂种的特征形态居于两亲本之间,耐寒性,抗病、抗虫性则与野生苦瓜亲本相同.这种野生苦瓜有望成为有利用价值的苦瓜亲本资源.

Morphological Characteristics, Nutrients and Karyotype of a Wild Balsam Pear

A wild balsam pear (Momordica charantia L) was found and its morphologi cal characteristics, nutrients and cytology were studied. The results showed tha t compared with the cultivars, the wild balsam pear had smaller leaves, fruits a nd seeds, and was highly resistant to diseases and pests. The protein and fat co ntents in the pulp of the wild balsam pear was close to or lower than the cultiv ars, while the vitamin C was 1 187.6 mg/kg, higher than the cultivars. The chrom osome number of the wild balsam pear was 2n=2x=22, the same as the cultivars. It was also found in the field investigations that the wild balsam pear could be c rossed naturally with the cultivars. The morphological characteristics of the hy brid were between its parents. The wild balsam pear is expected to be a valuable parent resource for breeding and selection of balsam pear.