玉溪市南盘江流域石灰岩地区景观格局变化研究--以江川县路居片区小流域为例

以江川县路居片区小流域1987-2003年土地利用现状图和万分之一地形图为基础，在地理信息系统软件MapGis6．6工作平台支持下．处理各种属性数据、图形数据等信息．建立空间信息库，提取相关土地利用现状和水土流失现状数据，建立各种数据信息库。选取了斑块数、平均斑块面积、斑块形状指数、破碎化指数、分维数、景观异质性指数和景观均匀度指数等指标进行研究分析。研究结果表明：17年间．景观斑块从124个增加到162个．土地利用现状类型增加较为明显的是坡耕地、疏幼林、岩石裸露地三种类型；水土流失现状各类型都有不同程度的增加．土壤侵蚀面积共增加了289．9hm^2。景观斑块个数增加，斑块平均面积出现不同程度的减少，景观斑块平均面积减少了5．7hm^2，景观破碎化指数1987年为0．914，2003年为0．922．破碎化指数增加，景观破碎程度加大。水土流失景观向多元化及破碎化方向发展。

Study on the Landscape Change of a Karst Area in the Drainage Area of Nanpanjiang River in Yuxi --A Small Drainage Area of Luju District in Jiangchuan County as an Example

On the basis of figure of present land use from the year 1987 to 2003 and relief map with a ratio of one to ten thousand of a small drainage area of Luju district in Jiangchuan county,with the support of MapGis6.6 workstation,kinds of data including properties data and graph data were analyzed,a spatial information base was created,then correlative data on present land use and soll and water loss were extracted; kinds of databases were created finally. Several targets,such as patch number, average patch area, form index of patch, fragmentation index, sub-dimension, heterogeneity index of landscape and homogeneity index of landscape were studied. The results indicate that,during the past 17 years,the number of landscape patch has increased from 124 to 162; three types of land use including hillside cultivated,thin young woods and rock bare land have increased obviously according to utilization; kinds of soil and water loss have increased at different degrees,erosion area of soil has increased 289.9 hm^2 totally ;the number of landscape patches has increased while average patch area has decreased at different degrees,the average area of the landscape patches has decreased 5.7 hm^2 ;the index of the landscape fragmentation was 0. 914 in 1987 and 0. 922 in 2003,the index of the landscape fragmentation has rised and the degree of the landscape fragmentation has changed seriously; the landscape of the soll and water loss has developed more and more multiple and fragmentized.