鸡羽色性状基因定位的研究进展

随着全基因扫描、QTL定位及比较基因组技术的进步,鸡羽色基因定位的研究取得了一定的进展。目前,7个羽色遗传座位已经完成基因定位,包括黑素皮质素受体1(melanocortin 1 receptors,MC1R)、细胞周期依赖性激酶抑制剂2A(cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A,CDKN2A)、水溶载体45家族第2成员(solute carrier family 45 member 2,SLC45A2)、PMEL17、酪氨酸酶基因、SOX10及melanophilin基因。尽管一些羽色基因仍有待进一步研究,如哥伦比亚羽座位、隐性黑羽座位及铅笔线样式座位,但分子生物学技术在羽色基因定位及遗传分析中可显示出强大的威力。相继发现的羽色基因型揭示羽色遗传是一个复杂过程,既涉及到单个基因功能的获得与缺失,也涉及到多个基因互相作用。羽毛颜色是一种重要的经济性状,作者就羽色形成机理及相关基因定位作一综述。

Research Progress on Genes Controlling Plumage Color in Chicken

With the advances of genome-wide association study,comparative genomics and QTL mapping,great progress had been made in identifying genes related to plumage color in chickens. Seven genes that led to specific plumage colors in chickens had been identified,such as MC1R,CDKN2A,SLC45A2,PMEL17,SOX10,melanophilin and tyrosinase gene. Although some plumage color related genes needed further study,such as columbian color,recessive black and pencilling gene,molecular biology technology had shown the tremendous power for pigmentation gene mapping and genetics analysis. The feather color genotype revealed that feather color genetics were a complicated process,which involved a single gene function was obtained or the loss,also involved multiple genes interacted with each other. Feather color was an important economic character,the feather color formation mechanism and related genes location were summarized in this review.