中国古老月季品种的核型研究

采用常规压片法对‘月月红’等11个中国古老月季品种进行了以染色体形态和倍性为主的核型分析研究。结果表明: (1) 不同品种的染色体数差异较大, ‘绿萼’、‘玉玲珑’、‘月月红’和‘月月粉’是二倍体(2n = 2x = 14) ; ‘春水绿波’和‘湖中月’是三倍体( 2n = 3x = 21) , ‘大富贵’、‘金粉莲’、‘菊红潮’、‘映日荷花’和‘思春’是四倍体(2n = 4x = 28) 。(2) 11个品种染色体的绝对长度均在1～3μm之间; 品种间核不对称系数变化范围为56.560% ～60.376%; 除‘思春’和‘映日荷花’外,其它9个品种中均未观察到随体存在。(3) ‘春水绿波’和‘湖中月’的核型公式为2n = 3x = 21 = 3 sm +18m, 核型类型均是1A; ‘金粉莲’和‘菊红潮’的核型公式为2n = 4x = 28 = 4 sm + 24m, ‘大富贵’的核型公式为2n = 4x = 28 = 2 sm + 26m, 核型类型都是1A; ‘绿萼’的核型公式是2n = 2x = 14 = 2 sm + 12m, 核型类型为1B; ‘思春’和‘映日荷花’的核型公式是2n = 4x = 28 = 4 sm + 22m + 2m ( SAT) , 核型类型为1A; ‘玉玲珑’的核型公式是2n = 2x = 14 = 2 sm + 12m, 核型类型为1A; ‘月月粉’和‘月月红’的核型公式是2n = 2x = 4 sm + 10m, 核型类型为2A。

Karylogical Study of Chinese Old Garden Roses

The karyological study on 11 cultivars of Chinese old garden roses such as Rosa 'Slater's crim-son China' was carried out by conventional pressed slice method. The results showed that: (1) The ploidy varied among culitvars. R. 'Viridiflora' , R. 'Yulinglong' , R. 'Slater's crimson China' and R. 'Parsons Pink China' were diploid with 14 chromosomes (2n=2x=14). R. 'Chunshui Lu bo' and R. ' Huzhongyue' were triploid with 21 chromosomes (2n=3x=21). R. 'Dafugui' , R. 'Jinfenlian' , R. 'Juhongchao' ,R. ' Yingri Hehua' and R. ' Sichun' were tetraploid with 28 chromosomes (2n=4x=28). (2) Among the cultivars, the absolute length of chromosomes ranged from 1 pan to 3 μm and the asymmetry index were between 56.560% and 60.376%. Except for R. ' Sichun' and R. ' Yingri Hehua', no chromosome satellite was observed in the cells of other cultivars. (3) The karyotypes of R. ' Chunshui Lubo' and R. ' Huzhongyue' were both 1A with the same karyotype formula of 2n=3x=21=3sm + 18m. Those of R. ' Jinfenlian' and R.' Juhongchao' were both 1A and their karyotype formulas were 2n=4x=28=4sm + 24m. With a karyotype formula of 2n=4x=28=2sm + 26m, the karyotype of R. ' Dafugui' was also 1 A, while that of R. 'Viridiflora' was 1B with 2n=2x=14=2sm + 12m being its karyotype formula. With the karyotypeformula being 2n=4x=28=4sm + 22m + 2m (SAT), the karyotypes of R. 'Sichun' and R. ' Yingri Hehua' were both 1A. R. 'Yulinglong' had the karytype of 1A and karyotype formula of 2n=2x=14=2sm + 12m. As far as R. ' Parson's Pink China' and R. 'Slater's crimson China' were concerned, their karyotypes were both 2A with a formula of 2n=2x=4sm + 10m.