Variability in Namibian landraces of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) |
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Authors: | GL Maggs-Kölling JL Christiansen |
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Institution: | (1) Water and Rural Development, National Botanical Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Private Bag 13184, Windhoek, Namibia;(2) Department of Agricultural Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark |
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Abstract: | An on-station experiment was carried out in northern Namibia to compare local landraces of watermelon to modern varieties.
Three groups of local watermelon are distinguished by farmers in Namibia: watermelons for fresh consumption, cooking melons
used for porridge, and seed melons for oil pressing. The present study was carried out to estimate agronomic potential of
the local landraces and verify whether agronomic characteristics would justify the local groupings. Important agronomic and
fruit-quality traits (yield, earliness, fruit weight, fruit number, rind thickness, soluble solids, seed weight, and tolerance
to biotic and abiotic stress) were measured in seven landraces (three watermelons, three cooking melons and one seed melon)and
compared to three modern cultivars frequently grown in Namibia. The study revealed that well-adapted, productive Citrullus lanatuslandraces are available, and cultivated by local farmers throughout the northern regions of Namibia. Based on a combination
of agronomic characteristics these local varieties could be grouped into three distinct types: watermelons, cooking melons,
and seed melons, in agreement with farmers classification. Landrace water melons were characterized by smaller, less sweet
fruits with larger seed and a thicker rind compared to modern varieties. Yield level was comparable but development was later
and fruit number in some cases higher. Cooking water melons were less sweet than local water melon with large fruits comparable
in size to modern cultivars. The only included seed watermelon had small fruits with large seeds and low soluble sugars. Yield
varied from 118 t/ha for a giant cooking melon, out yielding all other accessions, to only 10t/ha for the seed melon type,
but with considerable variation within groups. The earliness of commercial varieties maybe of interest in developing a mixed
portfolio of short- and long-cycle landraces, whereas plant vigour, resistance and seed characters in some of the Namibian
landraces may be important traits for breeding for both local purposes and for commercial varieties.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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Keywords: | morphology seed weight soluble solids yield yield components |
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