宁夏银北引黄灌区灌淤土壤养分丰缺状况研究

为了提出适合宁夏银北引黄灌区农地种植水稻、小麦和玉米的合理施肥量，以氮素、磷素、钾素为试验因子，设无肥(N0P0K0)、无氮(N0P2K2)、无磷(N2P0K2)、无钾(N2P2K0)、氮磷钾(N2P2K2)全施5个处理，重复3次，随机区组排列，对土壤养分丰缺状况的试验研究和评价。结果表明：本地区农地种植水稻，化肥对水稻产量的贡献率是36.5%，其中氮肥对水稻产量的贡献率是11.9%，磷肥对水稻产量的贡献率是10.5%，钾肥对水稻产量没有影响。本地区农地种植小麦，化肥对小麦产量的贡献率是56.3%，其中氮肥对小麦产量的贡献率是28.0%，磷肥对小麦产量的贡献率是9.2%，钾肥对小麦产量的贡献率是1.2%。本地区农地种植玉米（套种），化肥对玉米产量的贡献率是62.4%，其中氮肥对玉米产量的贡献率是53.2%，磷肥对玉米产量的贡献率是15.5%，钾肥对玉米产量的贡献率是6.9%。因此得出，本地区种植农作物对化肥的依赖性较大，施用化肥具有明显的增产效果，其中氮肥对农作物产量起主要作用，磷肥对农作物的产量影响较小，钾肥对农作物的产量影响不大，可以不施或少施。

Abundance and Deficiency Status of Silt Soil Nutrient Study in Bank of North Yellow River Irrigation District of Ningxia

Experimental study and evaluation of the status of soil nutrients is proposed for this area of agricultural land to grow rice,wheat and corn rational fertilization.Experiment with nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium as the experimental factor,set up a no fertilizer（N 0 P 0 K 0）,nitrogen（N 0 P 2 K 2）,non-phosphorus（N 2 P 0 K 2）,potassium（N 2 P 2 K 0）,N,P and K（N 2 P 2 K 2） five treatment,repeated three times,randomized block arrangement.The results showed that,the area of agricultural land to grow rice,the contribution rate of fertilizer on rice yield was 36.5%,of which the contribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield was 11.9%,the contribution rate of phosphate fertilizer on rice yield was 10.5%,potash fertilizer on rice yield.The area of agricultural land planted wheat,the contribution rate of fertilizer on wheat yield was 56.3%,of which the contribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat yield was 28.0%,the contribution rate of phosphate fertilizer on wheat yield was 9.2%,potash fertilizer on wheat yield,the contribution rate was 1.2%.The area of agricultural land to grow corn（interplanting）,the contribution rate of fertilizer on corn yield was 62.4%,of which the contribution rate of nitrogen fertilizer on corn yield was 53.2%,the contribution rate of phosphate fertilizer on maize yield was 15.5%,the contribution rate of potassium fertilizer on corn yield was 6.9%.In a word,the cultivation of crops of the region had a larger dependence on chemical fertilizer,chemical fertilizer significantly increased yield,which played a major role of nitrogen fertilizer on crop yield,the smaller the impact of phosphate fertilizer on crop yield.Little effect on the output of potash fertilizer on crops could be applied not less.