小兴安岭榛子种质资源调查及利用前景

为了在掌握小兴安岭地区榛子种质资源分布情况的基础上，充分利用榛子的野生资源，选育出高抗寒、高品质的榛子。通过采用实地调查与走访群众相结合的调查方法，在该地区选取4个气候差异较大的林业局，设置了17块典型样地，对该地区现有榛子的种类、分布类型、群落分布情况进行了调查，并对采集的坚果各性状进行测量。结果表明，小兴安岭主要有平榛、毛榛2种榛子，毛榛和平榛的出仁率分别为36%、25%，果皮厚分别为0.88、1.85 mm，2种榛子果仁重、出仁率、坚果重、果皮厚的变异系数均高于10%，榛子分布生态类型有散生型、伴生型和纯榛子林，其中，散生型榛子产量较高。毛榛较喜光，稍耐荫，在偏酸性肥沃的土壤中生长良好。在调查的4个林业局中，五营局的毛榛种质资源最好，其坚果干重、果皮厚、出仁率分别为0.6049 g、0.84 mm、40.16%。综上所述，小兴安岭地区毛榛出仁率高、皮薄，具有较高的开发利用价值；在对野生榛子进行选种时，可依次按果仁重、出仁率、坚果重、果皮厚的顺序进行筛选；五营局的毛榛外观品质较高，可在该地区开展下一步的选优工作。

Germplasm Resources Investigation and Utilization Prospects of Hazel in Small Xing’an Ridge Region

In order to take full advantage of the natural hazel resources and select the high-quality and strong cold resistance hazel in the basis of mastering the germplasm resources of hazel in small Xing＇ an ridge region, with the method of field investigation and visiting people, the author took an initial investigation about the species and distribution types, community and nut exterior quality of the hazel in small Xing＇ an ridge region after setting 17 typical sample lands in 4 different climatic regions. The results showed that, there were 2 prime species, such as Corylus heterophylla and Corylus mandshurica in small Xing＇ an ridge region, the shelling percentage of Corylus mandshurica and Corylus heterophylla were 36% and 25% respectively as peel thickness were 0.88 mm and 1.85 mm. The coefficient of variation about the seed weight, the shelling percentage, the nut weight, the peel thickness of 2 species reached above 10%. The scattered, the associated and the pure were 3 commom hazel forest distribution types, the output of the scattered was highest among 3 types. The nut weight, the peel thickness and the shelling percentage of Corylus mandsburica of Wuying Region reached 0.6049 g, 0.84 mm, 40.16% as the best hazel among the 4 investigated regions. In conclusion, the Corylus mandshurica had high value because its thinner peel thickness and higher shelling percentage than Corylus heterophylla; the sequence of seed weight, shelling percentage, nut weight, peel thickness could be as the important index of seed selection. The next selection working could be developed in Wuying Region as the exterior quality of Corylus mandshuriea was higher in the region.