加工型辣椒花药培养技术研究

为了满足重庆辣椒高效育种与良种创新的需要，以2个加工型辣椒材料578和186及一个甜椒品种‘海丰28’为试材进行花药培养研究。研究了预处理与预培养的时间与温度，并通过正交试验设计，探讨了基本培养基、植物生长调节物质、活性炭、硝酸银、碳源等主要因子对辣椒花药培养的影响。结果表明，高温预培养35℃7天时辣椒578、186、甜椒‘海丰28’的植株诱导率分别为4.86%、2.50%、0.56%，是对3种材料都适合的预培养条件。通过正交试验分析得到对2个基因型特异的优化培养基配方，并且通过比较得到一个对2个基因型都较适合的培养基配方。对花药培养再生的植株进行倍性鉴定，证明3个基因型均得到了具有12条染色体的单倍体植株。以饱和对二氯苯与0.2%秋水仙素浸泡生长点24 h进行加倍，成功获得了双单倍体植株。

Study on the Anther Culture of Processing Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

In order to meet the needs of the Chongqing pepper efficient breeding and germplasm innovation,pepper anther culture research was studied.Two processing pepper varieties 578 and 186 and a sweet pepper variety ’ Haifeng 28 ’ were selected as the experimental materials.The time and temperature of the pretreatment and pre-incubation were studied.By the orthogonal experimental design we explored the effects of the basic medium,plant growth regulating substances,activated carbon,silver nitrate,carbon source on anther culture.The results indicated that 35℃ for 7 days was the suitable pretreatment condition for all the three materials,the plant induction rates of pepper 578,186,sweet pepper ’ Haifeng 28 ’ were 4.86%,2.50%,0.56%.Two genotype-specific optimization of culture medium were established by orthogonal test analysis and one culture medium suited to the two genotypes was obtained.The ploidy identification showed that haploid plantlets with 12 chromosomes were regenerated from anthers of all the three genotypes.Socking the growing point with the mixture of 0.2% colchicine and saturated p-dichlorobenezene for 24 hours,double haploid plants were successfully obtained.