马铃薯单细胞60Co-γ辐射诱变的初步研究

采用60Co-γ辐射处理马铃薯单细胞，快速高效获得马铃薯突变体材料，为丰富马铃薯育种材料提供支持。以紫色马铃薯‘黑美人’试管苗和块茎2种外植体为材料，进行愈伤组织诱导和继代培养并建立细胞悬浮培养系。以紫色马铃薯‘黑美人’单细胞为辐射材料，采用5个剂量的60Co-γ射线辐射处理，观察比较不同辐射处理条件下单细胞的再生率。结果表明：经过10 Gy的60Co-γ辐射处理后，有一定数量的再生植株产生，20 Gy的60Co-γ辐射处理后，植株再生慢，再生率低。经过40Gy、60 Gy的60Co-γ辐射处理后无再生植株。细胞核制片观察结果表明：通过30天的再生培养后，细胞核的外形有明显的变化，10 Gy的辐射处理对细胞核的影响仍明显低于20 Gy，说明60Co-γ辐射处理单细胞引起的诱变具有一定的稳定性，有望获得到马铃薯突变体材料。

Preliminary Study on Mutation of Single-cells in Potato by 60Co-γ Irradiation

This paper was designed to discuss the mutation of single cells in potato by 60Co-γ irradiation and obtain potato mutants fast and efficient. The base of this experiment was used plantlet and tuber of purple potato variety‘Heimeiren’as material for callus induction and secondary culture to establish suspension culture line. Then single cells were selected as irradiation materials and 5 treatments with different radiation doses were designed to observe the regeneration rate of single cell in different radiation doses. The results indicated that, a certain amount of regenerated individual plantlets were produced with the radiation dose of 10 Gy while the regenerated individual plantlets were slower and lower with the radiation dose of 20 Gy. When the radiation dose was above 40 Gy there was no regenerated individual plantlets produced. The results of nucleus slices observation showed that, after the regeneration culture of 30 days, the change of nucleus shape was significantly and the effects of radiation dose of 10 Gy on nucleus were lower than that of 20 Gy. In conclusion, the mutation of single cells by 60Co-γ irradiation has certain stability and mutant materials have been expected to obtain.