珠海河鲀的毒性研究

为了探讨珠海市的河鲀品种与毒性情况。在珠海市范围内各渔市场和养殖场内搜集不同河鲀种类，包括野生和人工养殖品种，经鉴定后再利用小鼠生物检测法分析不同种类河鲀体内所含毒性大小。结果表明：在此研究期间总共搜集到8个河鲀品种，分别隶属于2科3属，它们是四齿鲀科（真河鲀科）中的兔头鲀属和东方鲀属以及二齿鲀科（棘鲀科）中的刺鲀属。除了暗纹东方鲀是人工养殖品种外，其他所有品种都是在沿海或近海捕获的野生河鲀品种。通过小鼠生物检测实验结果得出韦氏兔鲀、暗纹东方鲀和六斑刺鲀全身含河鲀毒素均低于10鼠当量/g，可视为无毒并可供食用品种。弓斑东方鲀只有肝脏有弱毒（10~100鼠当量/g之间）。菊黄东方鲀肝脏含有100鼠当量/g以上的毒素，肠脏含毒介于10~100鼠当量/g之间，其余器官含毒均低于10鼠当量/g。横纹东方鲀的卵巢，肝脏和鱼皮均含有100鼠当量/g以上的毒素，肠脏含毒在10~100鼠当量/g之间，鱼肉则含毒低于10鼠当量/g。根据结果可以毒性分类韦氏兔鲀、暗纹东方鲀和六斑刺鲀为无毒河鲀，弓斑东方鲀为弱毒河鲀，而菊黄东方鲀和横纹东方鲀均为强毒河鲀，前者毒素主要集中在肝脏，后者在肝脏、鱼皮和卵巢。

A Toxicological Study of Puffer Fishes Collected From Zhuhai, China

The aims of this study were to identify the current distribution of puffer fishes and their toxicities in Zhuhai Waters. The research methods were to collect all the different species of puffer fishes from local fish ponds and fish markets, including wild and cultured species. After species identification, the comparative toxicity of the collected puffer fishes was analyzed with mouse bioassay. The results showed that a total of 8 different puffer species was identified, belonging to 2 families and 3 genera. They were genera Lagoeephalus and Takifugu in the family Tetraodontidae as well as the genus Diodon in the family Diodontidae. All the specimens were wild species collected from coastal waters or fish markets except T. obscurus which was cultured in local fish ponds. In the mouse bioassay, the toxicity of all tissues in L. wheeleri, T. obscurus and D. holocanthus were less than 10 mouse units （MU） per gram, which were considered as non-toxic species for human consumption. T. oeellatus contained only weakly toxic livers （10-100 MU/g）. In T. tlavidus, the toxicity of liver, intestine and all other tissues was more than 100 MU/g, between 10-i00 MU/g, and iess than 10 MU/g, respectively. However, in T. oblongus, the toxicity of the ovary, liver and skin was more than 100 MU/g, whereas between 10-100 MU/g in the intestine and less than 10 MU/g in the muscle. According to this study, L. wheeleri, T. obseurus and D. holoeanthus were considered as non-toxic species, T. oeellatus was a weakly toxic species, and both T. tlavidus, T. oblongus were highly toxic species.