土壤质地对花生叶片衰老特性和产量的影响

采用在塑料箱中栽培的方法,研究了不同质地的土壤(沙土、壤土、黏土)对花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)叶片衰老特性和产量的影响。结果表明,花生功能叶片的净光合速率、可溶性蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性在生育前期均表现为沙土壤土黏土,在生育后期则表现为壤土沙土黏土;叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量在生育前期表现为黏土壤土沙土,生育后期表现为黏土沙土壤土;对产量性状而言,荚果产量、子仁产量和有效果数均表现为壤土最大、沙土次之、黏土最小。由此可知,沙土虽能够提高花生生育前期叶片的生理活性,但生育后期衰老也较快;黏土则在整个生育期均不利于花生叶片生理活性的提高;而壤土在花生整个生育期均能保持较高水平的叶片生理活性,进而提高花生的产量。

Effects of Soil Texture on the Leaf Senescence Characteristics and Yield of Peanut

The effects of different soil texture (sand, loam, clay) on the leaf senescence characteristics and yield of peanut were studied using plastic boxes cultivation method. The results showed that the value of the net photosynthetic rate, soluble protein content, SOD and POD activities of the functional leaves was sand>loam>clay in the early growth stage, and loam >sandy >clay in the late growth stage. The MDA content was clay>loam>sand in the early growth stage, and clay>sand>loam in the late growth stage. In terms of yield traits, the pods yield, seed yield and number of effective pods was loam>sandy>clay. The data indicated that the sand soil could significantly improve the physiological activity of the functional leaves during the early growth stage, but accelerate the leaves senescence at the late growth stage. The clay was not conducive to the physiological activity of the leaves in the whole growth period of peanut. The loam soil could maintain the physiological activ-ity of the leaves at a high level during the whole growth period and increase the yield of peanut.