Quantitative estimates of burrow construction and destruction,by anecic and endogeic earthworms in repacked soil cores |
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| Affiliation: | 1. INRA, UR 1115, Plantes et Systèmes de culture Horticoles, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon Cedex 09, France;2. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, CAS, Nanjing 210008, China;3. IRD, UMR 211, BIOEMCO (CNRS, IRD, ENS, UPMC, UPEC, AgroParis Tech), 32 avenue H. Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France;1. UPMC Université Paris 06, iEES Paris, 32 Av. Henri Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France;2. IRD, iEES Paris, Centre IRD Ile de France, 32 Av. Henri Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France;3. Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Coordenação de Zoologia, Av. Perimetral, n° 1901, CEP 66077-530, Terra Firme, Belém, Para, Brazil;4. Université de Montpellier, UMR 5175 CNRS CEFE, 1919, Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier 5, France;5. Université de Rennes 2, UMR CNRS LETG 6554, Laboratory of Geography and Remote Sensing COSTEL, France;6. EMBRAPA Florestas, Estrada da Ribeira, Km. 111, C.P. 319, Colombo, PR 83411-000, Brazil;7. Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia (UFRA), 2501 Av. Presidente Tancredo Neves, 66077-530 Bairro Montese, Belém, Pará, Brazil;8. Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Apartado Aéreo 97, Pereira, Colombia;9. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Palmira, Colombia;10. Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT), TSBF_LAC, ap aereo 6713, Cali, Colombia;1. Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSAT, Av. Agrobiopôle, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France;2. UMR 5245 CNRS-INP-UPS, EcoLab (Laboratoire d''écologie fonctionnelle), Avenue de l''Agrobiopôle, BP 32607, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France;3. ADEME (French Agency for Environment and Energy Management), 20 avenue du Grésillé, BP 90406, 49004 Angers Cedex 01, France;4. INRA, UR 1115, Plantes et Systèmes Horticoles, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon cedex 09, France;5. Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, 14 avenue E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France;6. STCM, 30 Avenue Fondeyre, 31200 Toulouse, France;1. Sorbonne Université, UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAe, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, iESS Paris, Centre IRD, 93143 Bondy, France;2. School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, PD Hills, Kottayam 656860, Kerala, India;3. Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, UMR7261, CNRS-University of Tours, Parc Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France;4. Indo-French Cell for Water Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India;5. Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil;6. Departamento de Biología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador;7. Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito EC170103, Ecuador;8. Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of NSW, Sydney 2052, Australia;9. Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Câmpus Central: Sede Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil;10. Entomology and Plant Pathology Division, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;11. Soils and Fertilizers Research Institute (SFRI), Dong Ngac, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Viet Nam;12. AMAP, Univ Montpellier,IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France;13. Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland;14. Van Thuyne Ridge Research Center, Chobe Enclave, Po Box 15 Maun, Botswana;15. Laboratorio de Sanidad Forestal, Facultad del Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Distrital “Francisco Jose de Caldas”, Bogotá D.E. Colombia;p. Wind Erosion Unit, Institut des Régions Arides, Medenine, Tunisia;q. Biology Division, Indian Plywood Industries Research and Training Institute. Postbag No. 2273, Tumkur Road, Bangalore 560022, India;r. Institute of Technology of Cambodia (ITC), Phnom Penh, Cambodia;s. Pedology Laboratory, Institute of Life Sciences, Centre d''Études et de Recherche de Djibouti, CERD, Djibouti;t. Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), LNRPV-LCM (IRD-ISRA-UCAD), Centre de Recherches de Bel Air, Route des hydrocarbures, Dakar, Senegal;u. UFR-ST, Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche en Fertilité de sols, IDR/Université Nazi Boni, 01 BP 1091 Bobo/ Laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales UFR/ SVT, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo 01 BP 7021 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;v. Entomology and Nematology Department, Ft. Lauderdale Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Davie, FL, USA;w. Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam 23111, Banda Aceh, Indonesia;x. Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague 6 Suchdol, Czech Republic;y. Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Université de Lorraine, Inrae, LSE, F-54000 Nancy, France;z. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;11. University Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Ethology UR 4443, Villetaneuse, France;1. University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution)], UMR, 6553, Rennes, France;2. UMR SAS INRAe Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042, Rennes Cedex, France;3. University of Central Lancashire - School of Natural Sciences, Preston, PR1 2HE, United Kingdom;1. Department of Soil Quality, Wageningen University, PO BOX 47, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands;2. International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Apartado Aéreo 6713, Zip code: 763537 Cali, Colombia |
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| Abstract: | Although the role of earthworms in soil functioning is often emphasised, many important aspects of earthworm behaviour are still poorly understood. In this study we propose a simple and cost-effective method for estimating burrow system area and continuity, as well as a new and often neglected parameter, the percentage of burrow refilling by the earthworms own casts. This novel parameter is likely to have a huge influence on the transfer properties of the burrow system. The method uses standard repacked soil cores in PVC cylinders and takes advantages of clay shrinkage and the fact that earthworms were previously shown to prefer to burrow at the PVC/soil interface. In this way, after removing the PVC cylinders off dry cores, the external section of the burrow system made by earthworms along the soil walls could be easily described. We applied this method to characterise the burrow systems of four earthworms species: two anecics (Aporrectodea caliginosa nocturna and Aporrectodea caliginosa meridionalis) and two endogeics (Aporrectodea caliginosa icaliginosa and Allolobophora chlorotica). After one month the burrow's area generated by both anecic species were much larger (about 40 cm2) than the endogeic burrow's area (about 15 cm2). A. nocturna burrow system continuity was higher than that of A. meridionalis and both anecic burrow systems were more continuous than those made by the endogeic earthworms. This was partly explained by the far larger proportion of the burrow area that was refilled with casts: approximately 40% and 50% for Al. chlorotica and A. caliginosa, respectively compared with approximately 20% for the anecic burrows. We discuss whether these estimates could be used in future models simulating the dynamics of earthworm burrow systems by taking into account both burrow creation and destruction by earthworms. |
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| Keywords: | Burrow refilling with casts Earthworm behaviour Burrow continuity |
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