Identifying indicators of C and N cycling in a clayey Ultisol under different tillage and uses in winter |
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| Institution: | 1. Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, Londrina, PR, Brazil;2. Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Laboratório de Microbiologia, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil;3. Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Soja, Caixa Postal 231, CEP 86001-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil;1. USDA-ARS, Central Great Plains Research Station, 40335 County Road GG, Akron, CO 80720, United States;2. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, 169 Johnson Hall, P.O. Box 646420, Pullman, WA 99164-6420, United States;3. LI-COR Biosciences, 4647 Superior Street, Lincoln, NE 68504, United States;1. Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan;2. Chair of Public Establishment for Industrial Estates, Centre for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman;3. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan;4. Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman;1. College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China;2. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China;3. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China;4. Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India |
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| Abstract: | Although tropical and subtropical environments permit two cropping cycles per year, maintaining adequate mulching on the soil surface remains a challenge. In some cases, leaving soils fallow during the winter as an agricultural practice to control pathogens contributes to reduce soil mulching. The aim of this study was to assess attributes associated with C and N cycling in a soil under conventional and no-tillage management, with contrasting uses in winter: black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb) as cover crop or fallow. No-tillage increased total C and N, irrespective the winter crop. Cropping black oats under no-tillage resulted in more microbial biomass C and N, and glutaminase activity (15.2%, 65.2%, and 24%, respectively) than no-tillage under fallow. Under conventional tillage, winter cropping did not affect the attributes under study. Available P was higher in the no-tillage system (9.2–12.3 mg kg?1), especially when cropped with black oats, than in the conventional tillage system (4.8–6.6 mg kg?1). A multivariate analysis showed strong relationships between soil microbiological and chemical attributes in the no-tillage system, especially when cropped with black oats. Soil pH, dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activities were the most effective at separating the soil use in winter. Microbial N, total N, microbial to total N ratio, available P, metabolic quotient (qCO2), and glutaminase activity were more effective at separating soil management regimes. The no-tillage system in association with winter oat cropping stimulated the soil microbial community, carbon and nutrient cycling, thereby helping to improve the sustainability of the cropping system. |
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| Keywords: | Mulching Microbial biomass Soil enzymes Soil quality Fallow No-tillage |
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