Carbon loss by sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii under the influence of soil pH,temperature and matric potential and its effect on sclerotial germination and virulence |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501-1193, Japan;2. University of Florida, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA;3. Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt;4. United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City 501-1193, Gifu, Japan;5. Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt;1. Institute of Nanoscience of Aragon (INA), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;2. Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore 627833, Singapore;3. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117576, Singapore;1. State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510640, People''s Republic of China;2. South China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510300, People''s Republic of China;3. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People''s Republic of China;4. School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People''s Republic of China;1. Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Equipe Ecologie Evolutive, UMR CNRS 6282 Biogéosciences, Dijon, France;2. INRA UMR 1065 Santé et Agroecologie du Vignoble, Institut des Science de la Vigne et du Vin, Villenave d’Ornon Cedex, France;3. Université de Bordeaux, INRA UMR 1065, Save, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, Villenave d’Ornon Cedex, France |
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| Abstract: | Germinability and virulence of sclerotia of Sclerotium rolfsii were assessed after 50 days of exposure of 14C-labeled sclerotia to soil at 0, ?5 and ?15 kPa and pH 6.9, or to soil at 15, 25 or 30 °C, pH 5 or 8 and ?1 kPa. Evolution of 14CO2 accounted for the greatest share of endogenous carbon loss from sclerotia under all soil conditions, except in water-saturated soil (0 kPa), in which sclerotial exudates contributed the major share of carbon loss. Total evolution of 14CO2 from sclerotia in soil at ?15 kPa (42.4% of total 14C) and at ?5 kPa (38%) was significantly higher than at 0 kPa (23.8%). Evolution of 14CO2 in soil at 25 or 30 °C was more rapid than at 15 °C with regardless of pH. Loss of endogenous carbon by sclerotia was the greater after 50 days of exposure to soil at 0 kPa, or at 25 or 30 °C and pH 8, than at other soil conditions. Sclerotia exposed to water-saturated soil (0 kPa) showed a more rapid decline in nutrient independent germinability, viability and virulence, than to those exposed to ?5 or ?15 kPa. Sclerotia became dependent on nutrient for germination and lost viability and virulence within 30–40 days in soil at 25 or 30 °C, pH 8. However, more than 60% of sclerotia retained viability in soil at 15 °C regardless of pH, even after 50 days. Radish shoot growth was increased significantly by the sclerotia that had been exposed to soil at 0 kPa, or to soil at 25 or 30 °C and pH 8 for 50 days. In conclusion, carbon loss by sclerotia during incubation on soil at different pH levels, temperatures and water potentials was inversely correlated with sclerotial ability to infect radish seedlings. The relationship between carbon loss by sclerotia and radish shoot length was positive. |
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| Keywords: | Sclerotia Carbon loss of sclerotia Soil fungistasis Endogenous carbon loss Soil microbes |
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