Multistate assessment of wetland restoration on CO2 and N2O emissions and soil bacterial communities |
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| Affiliation: | 1. USDA-ARS Coastal Plains Soil, Water, and Plant Research Center, Florence, SC United States;2. USDA-FS Northern Research Station, Beltsville, MD United States;1. University of California, Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616, United States;2. University of California, Department of Plant Sciences, Davis, CA 95616, United States;1. School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang 318000, PR China;2. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, PR China;3. College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China;1. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China;2. School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland;3. Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China;4. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Geographic Information Science, East China Normal University, 200062 Shanghai, China;1. Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China;2. College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark;4. Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;1. Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;3. Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China;4. CSIC, Global Ecology CREAF-CEAB-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;5. CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles 08193, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Over the last 200 years, wetlands have been converted to other land uses leading to the loss of approximately 53% of wetlands in the continental United States. In the late 1980's, policies were instated to mitigate further wetland loss through wetland creation and restoration. Restored wetlands provide important ecosystem services, such as filtration of nutrients and wildlife habitat. However, these benefits could be offset by increased greenhouse gas production. We assessed the impact of wetland conversion to agriculture and restoration on CO2 and N2O emissions and microbial communities in three land use types: wetlands with native vegetation (natural); wetlands converted to agricultural management (converted); and restored wetlands (restored). Soil properties varied among land use types. Most notably, soils from restored and converted sites had the lowest C and N, and higher pH. Multivariate analysis of soil properties showed the pocosin wetlands in North Carolina separating from all other locations, regardless of land use. Soil bacterial communities showed a similar trend with communities from North Carolina soils separating from the others with no significant effect of land use or season. Furthermore, land use did not have a significant effect on CO2 or N2O emissions, although there was significant temporal variation in CO2 emissions. These findings indicate that while wetland conversion and restoration may alter some soil properties, these alterations do not appear to be great enough to override the underlying geographic and edaphic influences on soil bacterial communities. Furthermore, wetland restoration did not lead to increased N2O emission at the dates sampled. |
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| Keywords: | Wetland restoration Soil bacteria Land use |
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