果梅花粉原位萌发及花粉管生长特性的研究

以软条红梅为试材,分别于白花授粉和异花授粉后的1、3、6、12、24、48、72、96、120 h切取花柱,用FAA固定液处理、荧光染色后压片观察,结果表明:异花和自花花粉都能在柱头上萌发,但在授粉后的48 h之内异花花粉的萌发率显著高于自花花粉的萌发率,如在授粉6 h后,异花花粉萌发率高达58％,而自花花粉的萌发率仅为23％。花柱内异花花粉管生长速度明显比自花的快,在授粉后花粉管到达花柱上部、中部及基部的数目均是异花高于白花。如授粉24 h后异花花粉管平均有30余根穿过花柱上部,约有14根到达中部,有2根到达基部;而自花授粉的花粉管分别仅有18、7和0根,且白花授粉时在72 h内均未见有花粉管到达花柱基部,主要在花柱中部前后停止生长。结果表明软条红梅自花授粉的花粉管主要是在花柱中部被抑制而停止生长,从而不能完成受精,表现出典型的配子体型自交不亲和性。

Study on Characteristics of in situ Pollen Germination and Tube Growth of Prunus mume

Growth of pollen tubes in the styles of Primus mume after self- or cross-pollination was examined. Primus mume cv. Ruantiaohongmei was self-pollinated, and cross-pollinated with Primus mume cv. Xiyeqing. At intervals of 1, 3 , 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h after pollination, the pollen tubes subsequent growth in the styles was observed after fixed in FA A. The results showed that pollens in both self- and cross-pollination germinated, however, the germination percentage of pollens in cross-pollination was significantly higher than that in self-pollination, within 48 h after pollination, e.g. pollen germination percentage was 58%, 6 h after cross-pollination, while only 23% in self-pollination. Some hours after pollination, the numbers of pollen tubes reached upper, middle and base style in cross-pollination were all larger than those in self-pollination , which indicated that the speed of pollen tube growth in cross-pollination was faster than that in self-pollination. On average, more than 30 pollen tubes reached the upper part of the style, 14 pollen tubes middle part, and 2 pollen tubes the base style, 24 h after pollination, while the respective numbers in self -pollination were just only 18,7 and 0. Thereby, we proposed that pollen tubes in self-pollination were arrested mainly around the middle style, and thus, fertilization did not take place. So Primus mume cv. Ruantiaohongmei behaved the typical characteristics of gametophytic self-incompatibility.