黑土玉米田土壤纤维素分解真菌物种鉴定及分解能力测定

2003～2004年，从181个黑土土壤样品中分离出54个土壤纤维素分解真菌菌株，经形态鉴定出14个属，27个种，其中桔青霉(Penicillium citrinum Thom.)、顶青霉(Penicillium corylophilum Dierckx.)和微紫青霉(Penicillium janthinellum Biourge.)为吉林省3个新记录种。有14个属、24个种分布在0～20 cm土层；11个属、19个种分布在20～40 cm土层中；两层土壤中共同分布的纤维素分解真菌有11个属、16个种。青霉属(PenicilliumAspergillus)为吉林黑土玉米田土壤纤维素分解真菌的优势属，相对数量分别占33.33%和25.93%。桔青霉(Penicillium citrinum Thom.)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger v.Tiegh)、哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harziamum Rifai, Mycol.)和绿色木霉(Trichoderma atroviride P. karsten, Finl )分解纤维素的能力较强，黑根霉[Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Lind.]和白地霉 (Geotrichum candidum Link)分解纤维素的能力较弱。

Diversity of Cellouse-decomposing Fungi and the Characteristic of Decomposition Under Planting Corn of Black Soil in Jilin Province

From April in 2003 to December in 2004, the experiment had identified with 14 genera and 27 species , three of them were the new recorded species in Jilin from 181 samples of black soil, they were Penicillium citrinum Thom, Penicillium corylophilum Dierckx and Penicillium janthinellum Biourge. There were 14 genera and 24 species in upper layer soil(0-20 cm), 11 genera and 19 species in the sub-upper layer soil(20 - 40 cm). 11 genera and 19 species were the same in tested soil. Penicillium and Aspergillus were advantage of cellouse -decomposing microorganisms and the relative volume accounted for 33.33% and 25.93% respectively. The capabilities to decompose of cellulose were different, Penicillium citrinum Thom. Aspergillus niger v.Tiegh, Trichoderma harziamum Rifai, Mycol and Trichoderma atroviride P.karsten,Finl were stronger than Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.) Lind. and Geotrichum candidum Link.