两栖动物肝簇虫、锥虫的研究进展

肝簇虫和锥虫是通过昆虫媒介传播的两栖动物极易感染的两种血液寄生虫,且混合感染率极高,可导致两栖类种群数量下降,甚至灭绝。肝簇虫和锥虫分布范围广泛,脊椎动物多为易感动物,感染动物机体后,依靠吸收血液中的营养物质大量繁殖,释放大量毒素破坏红细胞和免疫系统,增加机体对其他传染性疾病的感染机率。另外肝簇虫和锥虫的传播媒介广泛存在于自然界,因此在给两栖动物带来严重危害的同时,也具有传播给人类的风险。本文针对两栖动物肝簇虫和锥虫形态特征、生活史、易感动物和地理分布、及其危害进行概述,以期唤起同行研究人员的重视,为血液寄生虫的相关研究提供参考。

Research Advances of Hepatozoon and Trypanosoma of the Amphibians

The Hepatozoon and Trypanosoma are two kinds of insect borne blood parasites of amphibians, whom has highly susceptibility to it. The ratio of mixed infection of these two parasites is very high, which may result in the decline of the size of population. The distribution area of these two parasites is broad. The vetebrates are all susceptible. After infected with these two kinds of blood parasites, they rely on the nutritions of the blood to survival and reproduction. Meanwhile, a lot of toxins could be sent to ruin the red blood cell and immune system, which will increase the chance to be infected with other infectious diseases. In additional, the vectors of Hepatozoon and Trypanosoma are not only widely found in nature, but also permeate in the human living environment. So while they do serious harm to the amphibians, the risk of transmission diseases to human beings exists. Therefore, the morphological characteristics, life cycle, susceptible animals, distribution and its damages of Hepatozoon and Trypanosoma in amphibians are reviewed to invoke the attendance of our col- leagues and provide reference for the research of blood parasites in amphibians.