氮钾肥施用技术对芝麻养分积累、产量和品质的影响

研究了氮钾肥用量和施用方法对芝麻养分积累、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,试验条件下,芝麻最高产量施肥量为N 155.8 kg/hm2、K2O 111.4 kg/hm2;氮肥深施和肥料分次施用有利于提高肥料利用率;芝麻粗脂肪含量与粗蛋白质含量存在负相关,施用钾肥芝麻粗蛋白质含量可提高0.61%～2.39%,粗脂肪含量降低0.47%～0.76%,施用氮肥均有提高芝麻粗脂肪含量和粗蛋白质含量的趋势;氮和磷主要存在于芝麻子粒中,钾主要存在于果壳和茎秆中,硼主要存在于茎秆中;在芝麻产量830.8～2 064.1 kg/hm2条件下,芝麻共带走氮35.0～94.2 kg/hm2、磷7.6～19.8 kg/hm2、钾40.9～133.8 kg/hm2、硼57.5～119.5 g/hm2;每生产100 kg芝麻子粒,芝麻共带走氮3.9～5.4 kg、磷0.8～1.1 kg、钾4.1～7.4 kg、硼4.3～6.9 g。

Effect of N and K Fertilizer Application Techniques on Nutrient Accumulation,Yield and Quality of Sesame

The effects of N and K fertilizer application levels and techniques on nutrient accumulation,yield and quality of sesame were studied.It was indicated that the fertilizer formula for the highest yield was 155.8 kg / hm2 N + 111.4 kg / hm2 K2O.Deep and split application could increase the use efficiency of N fertilizer of sesame.The crude fat and crude protein had negative correlation in sesame,and application of K fertilizer could increase crude protein by 0.61%~2.39%;but crude fat was decreased by 0.47%~0.76%.Application of N fertilizer could increase the content of crude fat and crude protein.N and P mainly existed in the seeds of sesame,K mainly existed in nutshell and stem,and B mainly existed in stem.When the yield of sesame was 830.8～2 064.1 kg / hm2,N,P2O,K2O and B taken out by sesame were 35.0～94.2 kg / hm2,7.6～19.8 kg / hm2,40.9～133.8 kg / hm2 and 57.5～119.5 g / hm2.When 100 kg seeds of sesame were produced,the amount of N,P2O5,K2O and B taken out by sesame were 3.9～5.4 kg,0.8～1.1 kg,4.1～7.4 kg and 4.3～6.9 g.