施磷量对春小麦干物质积累、分配及产量的影响

【目的】研究施磷量对春小麦干物质积累、分配及产量的影响，为生产中磷肥合理施用提供依据。【方法】采用裂区试验设计，以春小麦新春26号（A1）、新春34号（A2）为主区，施磷量为副区，共五个水平，分别为0（P0）、45（P1）、90（P2）、135（P3）、180（P4）kg／hm2。【结果】施磷量对春小麦各器官干物质积累量、干物质积累总量、成熟期干物质在各器官中的分配率、花后干物质对籽粒贡献率及花前干物质转移率、籽粒产量及产量构成因素影响极显著（P＜0.01）；品种间花期、成熟期干重、花后干物质对籽粒贡献率、茎和颖壳干物质分配率、总干物质、籽粒产量、主穗长有极显著性差异（P＜0.01）。随施磷量的增加，小麦总干物质积累表现为先快后慢的递增趋势；而穗粒数、千粒重和籽粒产量均表现为一定范围内随施磷量的增加而增加，超过一定范围则反之；且施磷量与籽粒产量及干物质积累总量间表现为正相关关系，相关系数分别为0.920、0.969，籽粒产量与干物质积累总量间也表现为正相关关系，相关系数为0.941；各器官花后干物质分配比例表现为：籽粒＞茎＞颖壳＞叶片＞叶鞘。【结论】在一定范围（0～135 kg／hm2）内增施磷肥可提高春小麦籽粒分配率及后期的光合能力，实现增产，且磷肥最佳施用量为135 kg／hm2。

Effect of Different Phosphate Application on Accumulation and Partitioning of Dry Matter and Yield of Spring Wheat

Objective]The experiment was carried out to study effects of different phosphate application on accumulation and partitioning of dry matter and the yield of spring wheat and identify the optimum phos-phate application.[Method]The experiment was designed as a split plot arrangement,the cultivars in the main plot were Xinchun 26 and Xinchun 34,and in the sub plot was phosphate application with 5 phosphate (P0:0 kg/hm2、P1:45 kg/hm2,P2:90 kg/hm2,P3:135 kg/hm2,P4:180 kg/hm2).[Result]The phosphate application had a significant influence on the accumulation and partitioning of dry matter and dry matter contri-bution rate to grain after anthesis and transfer rate to grain before anthesis and yield components of spring wheat,there was a significant influence with dry matter in anthesis and maturity and dry matter contribution rate to grain after anthesis and transfer rate to grain from stem and glumes and amount of dry matter and yield and spike size for the spring wheat cultivars.With the increase of phosphate application,the total amount of dry matter in spring wheat firstly increased quickly and then decreased slowly.Increasing phosphate fertilizer rates increased the grains per spike and 1 ,000 -grain weight and grain yield up to a point.Over a certain rang,there was no additional response.The rate of phosphate had a positive correlation with the total amount of dry matte and grain yield,the correlation coefficient was 0.920 and 0.969.The grain yield had a positive correlation with the total amount of dry matter,the correlation coefficient was 0.941 .The sequence of dry mat-ter partitioning in various organs in spring wheat at maturity stage was:grain yield >stem >spike >leaf >sheath.[Conclusion]In a certain range (0 -135 kg/hm2),the application of P fertilizer could increase the yield of spring wheat and the photosynthetic capacity at later stage,so as to increase the yield of spring wheat, and the optimum amount was 135 kg/hm2.