伽师甜瓜嫁接栽培的防病增产效果研究

以黑籽南瓜为砧木,伽师甜瓜为接穗,采用不同的嫁接方法和育苗方法,研究了嫁接对伽师甜瓜幼苗和植株生物学特性及枯萎病抗性、产量、品质的影响。结果表明,4种嫁接方法都有较强的亲和性,在无土育苗条件下,嫁接苗成活率均在77.7%以上,显著高于有土育苗的成活率(68.1%)。各嫁接伽师瓜幼苗根系比自根苗根系发达,嫁接苗的各项生长指标均显著高于自根苗,尤其是伽师瓜嫁接苗的叶绿素含量、光合速率及地上干样质量均显著高于自根苗。嫁接苗田间防效达到95.4%以上,无土育苗嫁接效果比有土育苗好,嫁接伽师甜瓜比自根伽师甜瓜增产75.9%～112.3%,增产效果主要表现在后期产量上。

Effect of grafting and seedling on "Jiashi" muskmelon yield and its resistance to Melon fusarium Wilt

Jiashi" Muskmelon (var.saccharinus Naud) was grafted on blackseed pumpkin (Cucurbita ficifolia) to control melon fusarium wilt.The effect of grafting and seedling on resistance to melon fusarium wilt and on yield and quality were studied. The result demonstrated that there was high affinity between rootstock and scion by different grafting and seedling.The survival rate of grafting was above (77.7%) by soilless seedling, significantly higher than those of soil seedling (68.1%). The root of all grafted seedling were more flourishing than those of no-grafted seedling,All index of grafted seedling were higher than those of non-grafted,especially the chlorophyll content,Pn and Shoot-DW of grafted seedling were significantly higher than that of non-grafted seedling.It also indicated that the grafted plants were better not only in root system, diameter of stem,leaf area,specific leaf weight (SLW),index of high quality seedling (IHQS),and single fruit weight,yield and quality, but also in their resistance to fusarium wilt.The controlling effectiveness was above 95.4% in field. The seedlings grown in substance were better for grafting as compared with those grown in soil,even better than no-grafting.Yield increase of grafted melon was mainly in late stage and increased by 75.9%-112.3%.