Efforts to improve coupled in situ chemical oxidation with bioremediation: a review of optimization strategies |
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Authors: | Nora B Sutton J Tim C Grotenhuis Alette A M Langenhoff Huub H M Rijnaarts |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands;(2) Department of Subsurface and Groundwater, Deltares, Princetonlaan 6, 3508 AL Utrecht, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | Purpose In order to provide highly effective yet relatively inexpensive strategies for the remediation of recalcitrant organic contaminants,
research has focused on in situ treatment technologies. Recent investigation has shown that coupling two common treatments—in
situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) and in situ bioremediation—is not only feasible but in many cases provides more efficient and
extensive cleanup of contaminated subsurfaces. However, the combination of aggressive chemical oxidants with delicate microbial
activity requires a thorough understanding of the impact of each step on soil geochemistry, biota, and contaminant dynamics.
In an attempt to optimize coupled chemical and biological remediation, investigations have focused on elucidating parameters
that are necessary to successful treatment. In the case of ISCO, the impacts of chemical oxidant type and quantity on bacterial
populations and contaminant biodegradability have been considered. Similarly, biostimulation, that is, the adjustment of redox
conditions and amendment with electron donors, acceptors, and nutrients, and bioaugmentation have been used to expedite the
regeneration of biodegradation following oxidation. The purpose of this review is to integrate recent results on coupled ISCO
and bioremediation with the goal of identifying parameters necessary to an optimized biphasic treatment and areas that require
additional focus. |
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