梨分子遗传连锁图构建及重要农艺性状定位

梨分子遗传连锁图谱的构建始于21世纪初,构建高密度的分子遗传图谱将有助于提高梨的分子育种水平。我们就目前国内外梨分子遗传连锁图谱的构建及其在抗病虫、果实性状及树形性状的基因定位和QTL定位,包括其在梨和苹果比较作图研究中的应用等方面进行简要阐述,指出了梨分子遗传图谱构建中存在的图谱密度较低和作图群体偏小等问题。梨育种工作者在今后的梨分子遗传图谱构建工作中,应注意适当扩大作图群体,充分利用蔷薇科基因组数据开发共显性标记,提高图谱标记密度,从而为标记辅助育种和重要农艺性状基因的图位克隆奠定基础。

Construction of molecular genetic maps and location of important agronomic traits in pear

Molecular genetic maps of pear were first constructed at the beginning of 21th centry.Available high density genetic maps will be greatly helpful for the molecular breeding of pear.In this review,we summarized the main results obtained from the construction of molecular genetic maps and its application in the gene and QTL locations of diseases and pests resistance,fruit quality and some tree characters,and also in the comparative mapping between pear and apple,at the same time,problems in the construction of pear genetic maps,such as the lower density of the constructed maps and the smaller sizes of map populations.So,for the construction of molecular genetic maps of pear in the future,pear breeders should expand the population groups of genetic maps,and make full use of genome data of Rosaceae family to exploit new co-dominant markers to enhance the marker density of genetic maps,in order to lay a foundation for the molecular marker assisted breeding and map-based gene cloning of important agronomic traits.