Comparative Pathogenesis of Experimental Infections with Salmonella gallinarum in Local and Commercial Chickens

The pathogenicity of a virulent strain of Salmonella gallinarum was studied in local chickens and commercial layers. Sixty 4-month-old chickens were used. Of these, 50 chickens were orally infected with S. gallinarum, comprising 25 commercial layers and 25 local chickens. Five chickens in each group were used as uninfected negative controls. The clinical signs and pathological features of acute, subacute and chronic fowl typhoid were observed in both groups. Chickens in both groups seroconverted, but the antibody titre was significantly higher (p<0.001) in the commercial layers. The antibody titre remained high to the end of the experiment in all the surviving chickens. Only one commercial layer chicken died during the course of the experiment. The PCV decreased significantly (p<0.001) in the infected chickens of both groups as compared to the controls. The viable cell count of S. gallinarum in the liver and spleen reached a maximum on day 9 after infection in both groups. However, there was a significantly higher cell count (p<0.05) in the commercial layers. The severity of the disease appeared to be slightly greater in the commercial layers, although the susceptibility was similar in both groups. It was concluded that, under experimental conditions, local chickens are just as susceptible to S. gallinarum infection as are commercial layers.