不同施肥水平下高寒矿区煤矸石山植被和土壤恢复效果研究

煤矿开采过程中堆积的煤矸石山土壤营养元素缺乏,施肥是改善土壤理化状况、促进植被重建的有效手段.以高寒矿区煤矸石山人工建植草地为研究对象,通过设置轻施肥、中施肥、重施肥、1年不施肥、多年不施肥处理,研究不同施肥水平下的草地群落结构、植物生长和土壤性质变化特征,同时分析植物和土壤因子之间的关系,探讨该地区生态系统恢复的适宜...

Effects of fertilizer application rate on vegetation and soil restoration of coal mine spoils in an alpine mining area

Spoils accumulated in the process of coal mining are usually deficient in plant nutrients. Fertilization is an effective means to improve the soil physical and chemical conditions and promote the revegetation of coal mine spoils. This research studied the establishment of artificial grassland on coal mine spoils in Jiangcang alpine mining area， and explored the appropriate fertilization level for ecosystem restoration in this locality. Treatments imposed included light， medium， and heavy fertilizer application， no fertilization within the first year （CK）， and no fertilization within 5 years， and the grassland community structure， plant growth and soil properties were characterized under the different fertilizer regimes. Correlations between plant and soil parameters were evaluated. The main results were as follows： There were no significant differences in species composition among the different fertilizer application levels， but the community diversity and evenness indexes decreased significantly （P<0.05） under heavy fertilization， and the community richness and diversity index decreased significantly （P<0.05） compared with CK after 5 years without fertilization. Both excessive fertilization and a period of some years without fertilization were detrimental to the stability of the grassland community. Compared with CK， light fertilization， moderate fertilization and heavy fertilization increased the vegetation cover， plant density， height and above-ground biomass of the established artificial grassland to varying degrees， and the results under moderate fertilization were superior to those of other treatments. Compared with CK， heavy fertilization significantly increased soil available nitrogen， total phosphorus and available phosphorus content （P<0.05）. Moderate fertilization was more conducive to the accumulation of soil organic matter compared with other treatments. With the exception of soil pH value， plant growth parameters were positively correlated with soil properties. In particular， there was a significant positive correlation between plant growth parameters and soil total potassium and soil organic matter content （P<0.01）. In summary， an appropriate level of fertilization improved vegetation growth and soil properties of artificial grassland established on coal mine spoils. However， both too much fertilizer application and no fertilizer application were detrimental to the stability of the artificial grassland ecosystem in Jiangcang mining region.