The response of cassava (Manihot esculenta) to spatial arrangement and to soybean intercrop |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Sustainable Agriculture and Biodiversity Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM –AIST), P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania;2. Centre for Research, Agriculture Advancement, Teaching Excellence and Sustainability in Food and Nutrition Security (CREATES), Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania;3. Tanzania Agricultural Research Institute (TARI –Ilonga), P.O.Box 33, Kilosa, Tanzania;1. Institut National pour la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR Eco&Sols, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France;2. Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR Eco&Sols, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France;3. Centre international de Recherche Agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), UMR Eco&Sols, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France;4. USC LEVA, INRA, Ecole Supérieure d''Agricultures, Univ. Bretagne Loire, SFR 4207 QUASAV, 55 rue Rabelais, 49007 Angers Cedex 1, France;5. INRA, UMR 1347 Agroecologie, 17, rue Sully, B.V. 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France;1. Department of Agri-food Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144 Florence, Italy;2. INRA, UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, 5 Chemin de Beaulieu, F-63 039 Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex 02, France;3. Blaise Pascal University, UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals, F-63 177 Aubière, France;1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, Sichuan 625014, China;2. College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China |
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| Abstract: | Response of cassava to row spacing and plant population density (0.62 plants m−2 in 180-cm rows; 1.23 plants m−2 in 90-, 180-, 270-, and 270- plus 90-cm (i.e. paired rows); and 2.46 plants m−2 in 90- and 180-cm rows), and to soybean intercrop at two row spacings of cassava (90 and 270 cm) was studied at a high latitude (27°S) in south-east Queensland, Australia, where low temperature limits a growing season to 9 months. Detailed observations were made in sole crops on leaf canopy structure and light penetration in the three row spacings at the medium density to allow an estimation of light availability for an intercrop between cassava rows.The low plant density or the 270-cm row plants produced the lowest total dry matter and tuber yield at harvest, while the two higher densities or the two narrower rows produced similar total and tuber dry weight. Intercropped cassava produced a similar tuber yield to the sole crop at the corresponding spatial arrangement, but total dry matter was lower in the former.Leaf area index was similar among the 90-, 180- and 270-cm row spacings in sole crops throughout the growth period. However, leaf area was unevenly distributed horizontally for a longer time as row spacing increased. This resulted in light penetrating the inter-row space for a longer period in wider rows in sole crops, more than 50% full sunlight reaching soil level for 90, 120 and 130 days after planting in the 90-, 180- and 270-cm rows, respectively. This light environment would be available for an intercrop if cassava growth is not affected by the intercrop. The results for cassava intercropped with soybean show that in fact cassava growth was reduced by the associated soybean, and hence light available for the soybean growth would have been more than that estimated above. |
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