不同设施栽培韭菜韭蛆的发生规律及其影响的环境因素

冬季设施栽培韭菜已成为北方韭菜生产的主要模式。为明确冬季不同设施栽培韭菜韭蛆的发生规律,并探究影响其发生的主要环境因素,系统调查了山东地区冬季3种主要的设施栽培韭菜韭蛆的周年发生动态,同时监测了环境温湿度的变化,分析其与韭蛆发生的关系。结果表明,冬季韭蛆在小拱棚、中型拱棚和日光温室韭菜中,发生规律存在较大的差异。在小拱棚中,韭蛆危害最轻,仅扣棚初(12月中下旬)越冬幼虫复苏形成1个危害高峰;中型拱棚韭蛆危害次之,除扣棚初越冬幼虫危害外,2月底为1代幼虫危害盛期;日光温室中,自扣棚后韭蛆每月可发生1代,为害最为严重。设施韭菜掀棚后进入露地养根期,春秋季韭蛆危害较重。棚内温湿度监测结果显示,5 cm土壤温度日光温室中型拱棚小拱棚,温度是影响不同设施条件下韭蛆发生危害差异的重要因素;土壤湿度基本可满足韭蛆正常的生长发育。研究为山东地区不同设施栽培韭菜韭蛆的发生预测及防治提供理论支持。

Occurrence of Bradysia odoriphaga on Chinese Chives Under Different Protected Cultivations and Its Influencing Environmental Factors

Protected cultivation in winter has been the main cropping pattern of Chinese chives in north China. The chive maggot, Bradysia odoriphaga(Diptera: Sciaridae), is the major pest that damages Chinese chives. [Objective] To definite the occurrence regularity of B.odoriphaga in different protected cultivations and explore the main occurrence environmental factors. [Method] we monitored the annual occurrence of B. odoriphaga, the environmental temperature and humidity in 3 main protected cultivations of Chinese chives in Shandong Province. [Result]The occurrence results showed that there was significant difference in occurrence among small, middle arch shed, and sunlight greenhouse of B.odoriphaga during cultivation. In small arch shed, B.odoriphaga did the least loss. In the early period of covering with plastic film (the middle December), there was the only one period in which resurgent overwintering larvae occurred seriously; In middle arch shed, B.odoriphaga did less loss, the resurgent overwintering and first generation larvaes occurred seriously in the early period and late February, respectively; In sunlight greenhouse, B.odoriphaga occurred once a month which did the most serious loss. In dormant period after turning over, B.odoriphaga occurred seriously in spring and autumn, but lighter in summer. The results of environment monitoring showed that it was sunlight greenhouse, middle and small arch shed in order of soil temperature from high to low, and the soil temperature not humidity was the main factor which influenced the occurrence of B.odoriphaga in the 3 kinds of protected cultivations. [Conclusion] The study provides the theoretical support for the occurrence prediction and control strategy of B.odoriphaga in 3 main protected cultivations of Chinese chives in Shandong Province.