基于土地利用变化的东北地区碳排放效应研究

[目的]通过分析东北地区2000—2014年不同土地利用方式的碳排放效应,为东北地区土地利用结构的优化和碳减排提供参考。[方法]利用土地利用数据和能源消耗数据等,采用碳排放系数法,对东北地区2000—2014年不同土地利用方式的碳源/汇进行计算,并分析其区域差异和碳排放强度。[结果](1)建设用地是东北地区碳排放量的主要来源,对碳排放的贡献率超过88%,辽宁省的碳排放量最多。(2)东北地区森林碳汇资源丰富,黑龙江省是东北地区碳吸收的主要来源。(3)东北地区人均碳排放强度呈缓慢增长态势;地均碳排放强度先增长后降低;单位GDP碳排放强度在持续稳定下降,但是当前其下降程度还远远不足以使碳排放总量减少。(4)东北地区是一个不均衡的区域,黑龙江省对其他区域有贡献;吉林省碳排放造成的生态环境影响在内部区域已经自行承担;辽宁省则损害了其他地区的利益。[结论]黑龙江省和吉林省面临着一定的碳减排压力,辽宁省面临着较大的碳排放压力,综合来看东北地区面临着较大的碳排放压力。

Assessment of Carbon Emissions Based on Land Use Change in Northeast China

[Objective] Carbon emissions under different land utilization types in Northeast China region from 2000 to 2014 were analyzed to provide references for optimization of land utilization structure and reduction of carbon emission in Northeast China. [Methods] With the method of carbon emission coefficient, data of land use and energy consumption and other information were utilized to calculate carbon source/carbon sink under different land utilization types in Northeast China from 2000 to 2014 and to analyze regional differences and intensities of carbon emissions. [Results] (1) Construction land is the major source of carbon emissions in Southeast China, contributing to above 88% of the total carbon emission; Also the amount of Liaoning Province ranks the top. (2) Northeast China is rich in forest carbon-sink resources, and Heilongjiang Province is the major source for carbon absorption in Northeast China. (3) The per capita carbon emission intensity shows a slow-growth trend in Northeast China; The carbon emission intensity per area increases before reduction; The carbon emission intensity per unit GDP keeps decreasing stably, but the decline is insufficient for the reduction of total carbon emission. (4) Northeast China is an unbalanced area with Heilongjiang Province making contribution to other regions with respect to carbon absorption, the impacts of carbon emission in Jilin Province on ecological environment are assumed in an equliarated status by province wide itself; While Liaoning Province is over emitted at the expense of other regions. [Conclusion] Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province are facing certain pressure of carbon emission reduction and Liaoning Province is facing relatively high pressure. Generally, Northeast China area is facing relatively high pressure for reducing carbon emission.