滇西北高山微水体空间分布格局及研究意义初探

高山水体由于其所处的海拔较高,对气候变化反应敏感,在应对全球气候变化方面具有突出的贡献,并且由于其分布格局等基础信息的缺失,导致目前高山水体各方面的研究还较为缺乏,本文将初步探索高山水体研究的意义和保护价值,为后续工作打下基础。运用Google Earth和ArcGIS等软件,对24°39'51″~29°14'59″N和98°07'55″~101°30'44″E、总面积88 632 km2的滇西北地区976个天然湖泊海拔、水面面积等信息进行收集,并主要针对该区域水面面积小于0.1 km~2的水体数量及其分布格局进行研究,新定义水面面积小于0.1 km2的水体为微水体。结果表明,滇西北地区共有微水体942个,占天然湖泊数量的96.5%,平均面积10 283.1 m~2,总面积9.7 km~2,占整个滇西北地区总面积的0.01%,占整个滇西北地区天然湖泊面积的2.3%。滇西北地区微水体平均海拔3 987.9 m,密集分布于高山山脊附近,其海拔分布范围较大、中型湖泊更高且区间更广。尽管滇西北地区微水体总面积占区域总面积比例非常小,但其庞大的数量、广阔的流域面积和海拔分布格局,决定了高山微水体在本地区生态系统中的功能和生物多样性形成与稳定方面的贡献不容忽视;微水体的保护和治理成本要远远低于大型湖泊,且保护效益明显,应重点关注。

Spatial Distribution and Significance of High Mountain Micro-waterbodies in Northwestern Yunnan, China

The properties such as altitude, waterbody area and so on was collected from all the 976 natural lakes in northwestern Yunnan, China and the statistic result presented the horizontal and vertical distribution patterns of all natural lakes in this region. Generally, There are 942 micro-waterbodies found in northwestern Yunnan and takes up 96.5% of the total natural lakes. The micro-waterbodies are distributed around the mountaintop at the altitude about 4000m intensively and most of the areas are smaller than 10000m2. Comparing with the large and middle lakes, the distribution of micro-waterbodies has a higher and wider range of altitude. Although the total area of the micro-waterbodies only takes over 0.01% of the whole regional area, the large watershed area and distribution pattern endow the high mountain micro-waterbodies with a very important role for maintaining the function of the regional eco-system and formation of the bio-diversity. This study proposes the research significance and conservation value of the high mountain micro-waterbodies and founds the base for future works.