添加菌糠对猪粪渣堆肥过程及氨排放的影响

以规模化养猪场固液分离后的猪粪渣为试验对象,以菌糠为调理剂,设置猪粪渣和菌糠1∶0.2、1∶0.3、1∶0.4、1∶0.5共4个不同质量比例(湿基)堆肥处理,以纯猪粪渣单独堆肥为对照处理,研究了菌糠作为猪粪渣堆肥调理剂对堆肥过程和NH_3排放的影响。结果表明:添加菌糠有利于各堆肥处理缩短进入高温期的时间,且有利于各处理堆肥的脱水;随着菌糠添加比例的增加,各处理的干物质降解率和有机碳损失率均降低;堆肥后,对照和处理组的全氮、全磷和全钾含量均比堆肥前有所增加,而其中全磷、全钾含量的增加量随着菌糠添加量的持续增加而相应减少;当菌糠的添加比例大于0.3时,有利于减少猪粪渣堆肥过程中NH_3的排放;堆肥36 d后,对照及各处理堆肥均达到腐熟,且总养分和有机质均符合《有机肥料》(NY 525—2012)标准。

Effects of mushroom bran addition on the process and NH3 emissions of swine feces residue composting

Using the solid-liquid separated swine feces residue from large-scale pig farm as the test object, the effects of mushroom bran as bulking agent on the process and NH₃ emissions of composting were studied. In this study, four different mass ratios(wet basis) of swine feces residue and mushroom bran, 1:0.2, 1:0.3, 1:0.4, 1:0.5, were set as test groups with a control group of pure swine feces residue. The results showed that:The addition of mushroom bran shortened the time needed for the swine feces residue composting to reach a high temperature, which is conducive to compost dehydration; With the increase of mushroom bran proportion, the dry matter degradation rate and the organic carbon loss rate decreased in all test groups. After composting, the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents increased in all control and test groups, while the increment of total phosphorus and potassium content reduced with the increase amount of mushroom bran proportion; The NH₃ emissions during swine feces residue composting reduced while proportion of mushroom bran was greater than 0.3; After 36 d of composting, all the control and test groups were thoroughly decomposed, and the total nutrients of composting products were in line with the standard of < organic fertilizer >, NY 525-2012.