园林废弃物堆肥和牛粪有机肥用于金盏菊育苗的研究

在添加珍珠岩和蛭石体积比(各占育苗基质10%)不变的条件下,以泥炭作金盏菊育苗基质主要材料为对照(T0),将园林废弃物堆肥和牛粪有机肥用于金盏菊育苗,并且按照V(园林废弃物堆肥)∶V(牛粪有机肥)=4∶0(T1)、3∶1(T2)、2∶2(T3)、1∶3(T4)和0∶4(T5)配制育苗基质,以期筛选出适合金盏菊的新型育苗基质,达到减少或完全替代泥炭的目的,增加园林废弃物堆肥在花卉无土栽培领域中的应用。采用室内实验指标测定和温室育苗试验相结合的方式,通过对6种育苗基质的容重、总孔隙度、持水孔隙、通气孔隙、pH值、电导率(EC值)、全N、速效P和速效K等9个指标的测定与分析,探讨了不同育苗基质理化性质的差异及其对金盏菊出苗的影响。通过为期15d的金盏菊育苗试验,得出不同处理育苗基质对金盏菊出苗率的促进作用由大到小依次为T1>T3>T2>T4>T5>T0。园林废弃物堆肥和牛粪有机肥可替代泥炭可作为金盏菊的育苗基质,其中T1处理(10%珍珠岩+10%蛭石+80%园林废弃物堆肥)最有利于金盏菊的出苗,出苗率可达81.7%;其次是T3处理(10%珍珠岩+10%蛭石+40%园林废弃物堆肥+40%牛粪有机肥)的出苗率达73.3%。

Effects of Green Waste Compost and Cow Manure Organic Fertilizer on the Emergence Rate of Calendula officinalis

In order to screen out a new nursery substrate for the seedling breeding of Calendula officinalis ,to reduce or completely replace peat,and to increase the application of green waste compost in the field of soilless cultivation,in this study,peat (T0,with 10% perlite+10% vermiculite as a control),green waste compost and cow manure organic fertilizer were used as the main substrates.Under the condition of constant volume of perlite and vermiculite,the nursery substrate was prepared according to V (green waste compost)∶V (cow manure organic fertilizer)=4∶0 (T1),3∶1 (T2),2∶2 (T3),1∶3 (T4)and 0∶4 (T5)for growing seedlings of C.officinalis .The study was carried out by indoor laboratory index determination and greenhouse seedling test.The differences of physical and chemical properties of different nursery substrates and their effects on seedling emergence were studied by measuring and analyzing the 9 indexes of six nursery substrates,such as bulk density,total porosity,water holding porosity,aeration porosity,pH value,electric conductivity,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium.The experiment lasted for 15 days.It was showed that the seedling emergence rate was promoted by different nursery substrate in the order of T1>T3>T2>T4>T5>T0,indicating that the green waste compost and cow manure organic fertilizer could replace peat as nursery substrate for the seedling breeding of C.officinalis .The study showed that T1 (10% perlite+10% vermiculite+80% green waste compost)was most suitable for the germination of C.officinalis ,the seedling emergence rate was 81.7%;followed by T3 (10% perlite+10% vermiculite+40% green waste compost+40% cow manure organic fertilizer),the seedling emergence rate was 73.3%.