Electrodialytic remediation of fluorine contaminated soil using 2-electrolysis compartment

Fluorine pollutants, emitted from numerous anthropogenic actions, can enter the surrounding environment and lead to soil pollution by fluorine. The aim of this study is to evaluate the remediation possibility and efficiency of fluorine contaminated soil by EDR (electrodialytic remediation) with the 2-electrolysis compartment, compared to EDR with 3-electrolysis compartment. Four runs of EDR experiments were carried out using the 3-compartment (run A, run C) and 2-compartment electrolysis bath (run B, run D). Important electrodialytic parameters such as electric current, electroosmotic flow, the removal efficiency and energy consumption were investigated. The results showed that the removal efficiency of fluorine in run A, B, C and D was 61.6%, 80.5%, 49.1% and 58.8%, respectively. And 2-electrolysis compartment positively affected the fluorine removal because of higher electric current and soil pH, which led to more desorption of F ions from the contaminated soil and more electro-migration of F ions into the electrolyte, but 2-electrolysis compartment consumed more energy (run A: 0.13 kwh kg^?1, run B: 0.24 kwh kg^?1, run C: 0.08 kwh kg^?1 and run D: 0.12 kwh kg^?1). After EDR, fluorine of contaminated soil was mainly bound to stable and low toxic RESF (the residual fraction of fluorine).