贵州山地葡萄园土壤和树体养分状况及其评价

以贵州43个葡萄园土壤及葡萄叶柄为研究对象,通过检测葡萄园土壤pH、有机质含量及土壤与葡萄叶柄中矿质元素含量,分析土壤与树体养分含量及亏缺状况,为贵州葡萄栽培管理提供科学施肥依据。结果表明,土壤酸碱度适合葡萄树正常生长;有机质、全N、全P、全K含量偏低,速效K、碱解N、有效P含量处于适量和高量状态;交换性Ca和Mg含量过高,有效Fe、Mn、Cu与Zn含量存在不同程度高量和过量,但也有极少数处于缺乏状态。葡萄叶柄养分N的含量62.8%处于低量状态,37.2%处于适量状态;K、Fe、Ca、Cu、Mn、Zn含量多处于高量状态,也有少量处于低量状态,有效B含量较低,其中69.8%处于低量状态,30.2%处于缺乏状态。建议田间控制K肥和Ca肥的施用量,多施有机肥,着重补充B元素。

Soil and Tree Nutrient Status and Evaluation of Vineyards in Guizhou Mountainous Region

The objective of this study was to clarify the nutrient content and deficit status of vineyard soil and tree body,and to provide scientific fertilization basis for Guizhou grape cultivation management.Based on soils and grape petioles collected from 43 vineyard and in Guizhou,soils and tree nutrient contents and deficits in the vineyard were analyzed by detecting the soil pH and organic matter contents in the vineyard and the content of mineral elements in the soil and grape petiole.Soil pH was generally suitable for the normal growth of vines.The contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and total potassium were low,and the contents of available potassium,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,and available phosphorus were in appropriate and high levels.Exchangeable calcium and magnesium contents were too high,effective iron,manganese,copper,and zinc contents also existed in varying degrees of high and excessive levels,but there were very few in the state of absence.The nitrogen content of petiole nutrient was 62.8% in the low state and 37.2% in the appropriate state.The potassium,calcium,iron,manganese,copper,and zinc contents were mostly in high levels,but there were also a few nutrients in low levels,and the effective boron content was low,of which 69.8% was in a low level state and 30.2% was in a deficient state.It was recommended to control the amount of potassium and calcium applied in the field,to apply more organic fertilizer,and to pay more attention to boron.