黄河湿地孟津段生态环境状况及对策研究

通过对黄河湿地孟津段遥感影像进行土地利用类型及该区域2011-2017年鱼塘、荷塘的提取与解译,认为在湿地保护区三区中人类活动频繁。结果表明,农用地约占研究区域土地面积的41.7%,6a间鱼塘、荷塘面积增加了58.5%。此外,研究区域内农业面源污染情况不容乐观,生态环境脆弱。同时,孟津湿地中一部分处于库区,一部分位于滩区,滩区湿地的生态需水量也难以得到保证。黄河湿地在河心洲、岛及嫩滩中采用主动恢复的方式,其他区域使用被动恢复方式,以依靠恢复湿地植物群落、满足湿地生态需水量为主要恢复方法,在避免二次破坏的前提下进行湿地修复。当前情况下,可通过改变耕种方式、科普宣教、加强管理的方式保护湿地生态环境及动植物资源,未来可通过生态补偿机制等实现湿地保护区中村庄及农田的逐步退出。

Ecological Environment of Mengjin Yellow River Wetland and Improvement Measures

In order to protect the ecological environment and the resources of the animals and plants within the Yellow River wetland,the land use types and fish-lotus ponds in Mengjin section were interpreted from the relative satellite images.It was found that human activities were frequent in the region.The agricultural area accounted for 41.7%,the fish and lotus ponds increased by 58.5% from 2011 to 2017.In addition,the agricultural non-point source pollution in the study area was not optimistic and the ecological environment was fragile.At the same time,the ecological water demand of wetland in shoal region was also difficult to be guaranteed.It was recommended that active restoration measures should be adopted in the newly formed floodplain and the islands in the mainstreams,passive recovery measures however,should be followed in other regions.The key method of restoration was to restore the plant communities to meed the ecological water demand of the wetland under the premise of not causing any secondary damages.In the current situation,the wetland ecological environment could be protected by changing farming methods,popularizing science education and strengthening management.In the future,villages and farmlands would be phased out through the ecological compensation.