北京地区梅花果实主要成分及活性研究

为探究不同品种梅花果实主要成分及活性差异,采用常规理化法、滤纸片法、DPPH法、ABTS法、FRAP法、铁还原能力及亚硝酸盐清除法测定了北京地区13个品种梅花果实的营养成分、抑菌及抗氧化活性,并进行了相关性分析及抗氧化活性综合评价。结果表明,不同品种梅花果实营养成分存在显著差异,其可食率、水分及可溶性固形物范围分别为83.65~94.13%、85.03%~91.98%、4.95%~12.50%;含酸量(3.80%~7.53%)远高于含糖量(1.01%~3.90%);‘飞燕宫粉’的总酚含量最高,为152.08 mg/100g,‘香雪宫粉’的总黄酮含量最高,为283.72 mg/100 g。‘粉红朱砂’对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制作用最强,为14.17 mm;‘飞燕宫粉’对金黄色葡萄球菌和副溶血性弧菌的抑制作用均达到最强,分别为17.67 mm、19.67 mm。‘矫枝’的DPPH·清除能力(27.40 mgTrolox/100g)、ABTS+·清除能力(155.75 mg Trolox/100 g)、亚硝酸盐清除能力(93.02 mg Trolox/100 g)及FRAP值(328.25 mg Trolox/100 g)均达到最高,‘香雪宫粉’的铁还原能力(444.92 mg Trolox/100 g)表现最强;从抗氧化活性综合(antioxidant potency composite,APC)指数法来看,‘矫枝’(96.10%)、‘香雪宫粉’(85.48%)、‘双碧垂枝’(82.18%)的抗氧化活性显著强于其他品种。研究结果为梅花果实的开发利用提供了科学依据。

Main Components and Bio-activities of the Fruit of Prunus mume in Beijing

In order to analyze the main components and activity differences of the fruits of different Prunus mume cultivars,the nutrient composition,antimicrobile activity and antioxidant activity in the fruits of thirteen different P.mume cultivars in Beijing were measured by physical and chemical methods,filtering paper method,measurements of scavenging DPPH,ABTS free radicals,FRAP,ferric and nitrite reducing power.The correlation analysis and comprehensive evaluation of antioxidant activity were conducted.The results indicated that there existed significant differences in ingredients among the fruits of different cultivars.The edible rate,moisture and soluble solids contents ranged from 83.65% to 94.13%,85.03%-91.98% and 4.95%-12.50%,respectively.The acid content (3.80%-7.53%)was much higher than sugar (1.01%-3.90%).The total phenol content in Feiyan Gongfen was the highest (152.08 mg/100 g)and ‘Xiangxue Gongfen’ exhibited the highest content in total flavonoids (283.72 mg/100 g).‘Fenhong Zhusha’ had a strongest inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis with a diameter of antibacterial circle of 14.17 mm.The inhibition effects of Feiyan Gongfen on Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were the most obvious,17.67 mm and 19.67 mm,respectively.The scavenging activity of ‘Jiaozhi’ extract against DPPH free radical (27.40 mg Trolox/100 g),ABTS + free radical (155.75 mg Trolox/100 g),nitrite (93.02 mg Trolox/100 g)and the reducing power on FRAP (328.25 mg Trolox/100 g)were the most obvious.‘Xiangxue Gongfen’ exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity on ferric ions reducing power (444.92 mg Trolox/100 g).From the perspective of APC index,the antioxidant activity of ‘Jiaozhi’(96.10%),‘Xiangxue Gongfen’(85.48%)and ‘Shuangbi Chuizhi’(82.18%)was significantly stronger than other cultivars.This study provided references for the development of P.mume .