洮河国家级自然保护区生态需水与水资源承载力评价研究

针对洮河国家级自然保护区自然环境及其生态系统特点,将自然保护区的生态需水主体划分为河道、旱地植被和城镇生态需水3部分,采用Tontana法、水量平衡方程及标准定额法,计算了自然保护区自产水资源总量为14.4×10~8 m^3,生态功能的最小生态需水量为2.26×10~8 m^3,适宜生态环境需水量为3.528×10~8 m^3。依据洮河自然保护区社会经济和环境数据,结合选取的水资源承载力评价模型,分析得出洮河自然保护区域内水资源可支持的最大人口数为7.1×10~5人。结果表明,本区域内水资源在满足自身人口需求的同时上还能作为洮河乃至黄河流域的战略储备水资源库;在未来30年,流域IWSD分别为0.107、0.052、0.049,水资源可较好地支撑区域社会经济发展。

Ecological Water Demand and Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Taohe River National Nature Reserve

According to the characteristics of the natural environment and ecological system of Taohe River National Nature Reserve,we divided the main body of the ecological water requirement in the reserve into three parts:the river course,dry land vegetation and urban ecological water demand.The Tontana method,water balance equation and standard quota method were applied to calculate the total water resources.It was found that the minimum ecological water demand based on the ecological function and the suitable ecological environment water demand were 14.4×10^8,2.26×10^8 and 3.528×10^8m^3,respectively.Based on the social economy and environmental data of the Taohe River National Nature Reserve,combined with the selected water resources carrying capacity evaluation model,we analyzed that the maximum number of population were 7.1×10^5,which showed that the water resources in the region could be used as a strategic reserve from Taohe River to the Yellow River besides the basic demand of their own population.In the next 30 years,the values of index of water supply and demand (IWSD) in 2020,2030,and 2040 would be 0.107,0.052 and 0.049,respectively.The results showed that the water resources could support the development of the social and economic in the region.