漂浮植物对富营养化景观水体的净化效果研究

利用软隔离小区试验研究了凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)、黄花水龙(Jussiaen repens L.)、空心莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides(Mart.)Griseb.)、水鳖(Hydrocharis dubia(Bl.)Backer.)和四角菱(Trapaquadrispinosa Roxb.)5种不同漂浮植物对富营养化景观水体的净化效果,研究结果表明,经过100天植物处理,5种飘浮植物对水体中总氮的去除率为黄花水龙(63)%>凤眼莲(57%)>水鳖(46%)>四角菱(42%)>空心莲子草(34%),对总磷的去除率为凤眼莲(52%)>黄花水龙(50%)>水鳖(45%)>四角菱(31%)>空心莲子草(22%),其中凤眼莲、黄花水龙处理围区的水质净化效果最好,水体中总氮和总磷的去除率也最高,这与植物自身吸收同化污染水体中氮素、磷素的能力大小及植物根系微生物的作用都有关。凤眼莲、黄花水龙在提高水体透明度方面表现最佳,试验围区在处理40天后水质透明度即可达到1 m以上,而空心莲子草、水鳖和四角菱的试验围区则需要处理60天以后透明度才能达到1 m以上。5种漂浮植物对富营养化景观水体都有较好的净化效果,且易于成活,容易管理,可在今后的水质净化中推广应用。

Study on Purified Efficiency of Phosphorus and Nitrogen from Eutrophicated Sight Water by Several Floating Macrophytes

In order to investigate floating macrophyte role on the purification of eutrophicated sight water named Hua-jia-chi and select appropriate native vegetable for phytoremediation,five floating macrophytes(Eichhornia crassipes,Jussiaen repens L.,Alternanthera philoxeroides(Mart.)Griseb.,Hydrocharis dubia(Bl.)Backer.and Trapa quadrispinosa Roxb.) were grown in treated water and as a none-plant to compare effectiveness of nutrient removal.It can concluded that all the floating macrophytes had a good performance on removal nutrients from treated water rather than without macrophyte and had better growth,higher application value with good foreground in sewage purification.After growing the five floating macrophytes 100 days for total nitrogen(TN) removal,Jussiaen repens L.(63%) > Eichhornia crassipes(57%) > Hydrocharis dubia(Bl.)Backer.(46%)> Trapa quadrispinosa Roxb.(42%) > Alternanthera philoxeroides(Mart.)Griseb.(34%).For total phosphorus(TP) removal,Eichhornia crassipes(52%) >Jussiaen repens L.(50%) > Hydrocharis dubia(Bl.)Backer.(45%) > Trapa quadrispinosa Roxb.(31%) > Alternanthera philoxeroides(Mart.)Griseb.(22%).The treatment enclosures with Eichhornia crassipes and Jussiaen repens L.had the best effect on sewage purification and nutrients removal.It may related to their ability of absorption and assimilation nitrogen and phosphorus from sewage as well as the action of microorganism around root.The transparence in growing Eichhornia crassipes and Jussiaen repens L.enclosures improved faster than others.It could immediately preponderate over 1.0 m after 40 days,whereas the other floating macrophytes treatment enclosures could preponderate over 1.0 m at least after 60 days.Thus it could be seen that floating macrophyte have good application foreground on the purification of eutrophicated sight water.