单元类型选择对钢制车轮疲劳寿命仿真的影响

车轮的疲劳寿命直接影响着车辆行驶安全,对车轮的疲劳强度和寿命进行仿真计算与分析可缩短研发周期、节省研发经费。以某型钢制车轮为例对其疲劳强度和寿命进行了仿真研究,并针对在仿真中采用的单元类型对车轮的疲劳强度和寿命的影响进行了深入分析。首先应用工程软件建立了某型钢制车轮有限元模型,并分别采用两类常用单元对结构进行离散,按照国家标准(GB/T5334-1995)规定的试验方法对车轮施加载荷条件和约束边界条件,之后对车轮进行有限元仿真和疲劳寿命计算、分析。研究结果表明,单元类型的选择对强度计算以及结构疲劳寿命的估算有明显影响,在进行仿真分析时必须充分考虑结构形态及边界条件以便选择合适的单元类型。

Influence of Choosing Different Types of Elements on the Strength Analysis of A Wheel

The fatigue life of wheel has a direct impact on the vehicle safety. The simulation and analysis on fatigue strength and life can shorten the development cycle and save costs. The simulation of a steel wheel’s fatigue strength and life is carried out, and deep analysis is taken into the impact of different element types’ results on the wheel’s fatigue strength and life. Firstly, the steel wheel’s finite element model is established using engineering software, and two common element types are used to discrete the wheel structure respectively. Then the simulation and analysis of the wheel are done with the exerted load conditions and boundary constraints according to GB/T5334-1995. The results show that element types have a significant influence on the stress distribution and the estimation of the wheel’s fatigue life. Therefore, in order to select the appropriate element type during the simulation, full consideration about morphology and boundary conditions must be taken.