早食李幼胚离体培养的研究（摘要）

目的]探讨早食李幼胚离体培养的影响因素。方法]以不同发育时期的早食李胚为试材,研究了不同胚龄、不同培养基、GA3浓度对离体胚培养的影响。结果]花后26～41d的幼胚细小、胚乳尚存,经连续3代培养仍未发生任何变化;从花后48d开始胚乳已经消失,幼胚不断发育并逐渐充满整个种腔,接种在MS基本培养基上后其成活率高达77%以上,培养初代即可启动;4.5%的花后65d幼胚已能培养成苗,此后成苗率随着胚龄增加而升高,至果实成熟时成苗率可达26.00%,并在培养初代可产生愈伤组织;花后65～83d的幼胚则需经2～3代以上才能诱导出愈伤组织。胚（花后88d）在WPM培养基的成苗率比MS培养基上高1倍左右;在同一基本培养基上,添加BA、KT或2,4-D后,成苗过程受到抑制。用1000mg/LGA3处理种子24h后能显著提高胚的成苗率。结论]为建立早食李胚胎抢救技术及杂交育种奠定实验基础。

Study on Culturing Prunus salicina cv. Zaoshi Embryos

Objective]The aim was to study the effective factors on culturing Prunus salicina cv.Zaoshi embryos in vitro.Method]Different age,culture medium and GA3 which affected culturing of prumssalicina embryos were discussed.Result]The result showed that on the part of 26-41 d,after the blooming period,the embryos remained tiny and retained endosperms and showed no signs of change after having cultured for three generations.On the part of 48 d,after the blooming period,the endosperms had disappeared,the embryos kept growing until they filled the seed cavity;when they were planted on the MS culture medium,their survival rate reached 77%,in its first generation,the response of embryos was discernible.On the part of 65 d,after the blooming period,4.5% of their embryos grew into shoots on the MS culture medium;with the age of embryos growing,the survival rate of shoots increased until it reached 26% when the fruits went into ripeness;the embryos produced calli in their first generation of culturing.On the part of 65-83 d,after the blooming period,the embryos produced calli through more than 2-3 generations.On the part of 88 d,after the blooming period,the survival rate of shoots on the WPM culturing base doubled compared with that on the MS culturing base;on the same culture medium,the embryos were inhibited from growing into shoots when BA,KT or 2,4-D was added on to the culture medium.The survival rate of shoots was increased remarkably when the seeds were treated in 1 000 mg/L GA3.Conclusion] This study provided experimental basis for the establishment of Prunus salicina cv.Zaoshi,embryos rescue techniques and cross breading.