雁北地区不同品种玉米全株青贮发酵品质及细菌群落结构分析

本试验以种植在雁北地区的8个玉米（Zea mays）品种为试验材料，于乳熟-蜡熟期刈割，测定产量并制作袋装青贮，发酵60 d后比较不同品种全株玉米青贮的营养价值、发酵品质、细菌群落结构和中性洗涤纤维降解率，旨在为该地区玉米品种的选择提供数据支撑。结果表明：‘强盛103’‘承玉309’和‘太育1’具有较高的鲜草产量和干草产量；‘强盛103’和‘太育1’组青贮饲料pH低于3.80；‘太育1’组青贮饲料具有最高的淀粉含量和最低的中性洗涤纤维含量（P<0.05），‘强盛103’和‘隆平207’次之；各品种青贮饲料中性洗涤纤维降解率由高及低依次为‘太育1’、‘中地103’、‘承玉309’、‘强盛103’、‘利禾1’、‘隆平207’、‘华美玉336’和‘中地88’；各品种全株玉米青贮中以厚壁菌门相对丰度最高，其中‘太育1’、‘利禾1’、‘强盛103’和‘承玉309’以乳杆菌属细菌为主。综合分析各类指标，推荐雁北地区种植玉米品种首选‘太育1’，‘强盛103’次之。

Analysis of Fermentation Quality and Bacterial Community Structure of Whole Corn Silage of Different Varieties in Yanbei Region

In this experiment,8 maize varieties planted in Yanbei area as materials. Plant were harvested during the milk ripening-wax ripening period to make bagged silage. Biomass yield was measured and bagged silage was made. After 60 days of fermentation,the nutritional value,fermentation quality,bacterial community structure and degradation rate of neutral detergent fiber of different varieties of whole-plant corn silage were compared to select the suitable corn varieties in this region. The results showed that:'Qiangsheng 103’,‘Chengyu 309’ and ‘Taiyu 1’ had higher fresh and hay yields. The pH of the silage for the ‘Qiangsheng 103’ and ‘Taiyu 1’ groups was lower than 3.80. ‘Taiyu 1’ group silage had the highest starch content and the lowest neutral detergent fiber content (P<0.05),followed by ‘Qiangsheng 103’ and ‘Longping 207’. The NDF degradability of each variety silage from high to low ranged as ‘Taiyu 1’,‘Zhongdi 103’,‘Chengyu 309’,‘Qiangsheng 103’,‘Lihe 1’,‘Longping 207’,‘Huamiyu 336’ and ‘Zhongdi 88’. All varieties among the corn silage plants,Firmicutes had the highest relative abundance. Among them,‘Taiyu 1’,‘Lihe 1’,‘Qiangsheng 103’ and ‘Chengyu 309’ were mainly Lactobacillus bacteria. Comprehensive analysis of various indicators,it is recommended that ‘Taiyu 1’ is the first choice for corn planting in Yanbei region,followed by ‘Qiangsheng 103’.