不同放牧方式对阿拉善左旗主要草场类型群落特征和土壤养分的影响

为探究不同放牧方式对阿拉善左旗草场的影响，本试验选取绵刺（Potaninia mongolica）、梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）、红砂+藏锦鸡儿（Reaumuria soongorica+Caragana tibetica）和红砂+珍珠猪毛菜（Reaumuria soongorica+Salsola passerina）4种主要的草场类型，分析长期禁牧、2016年政策允许开始放牧及长期放牧3种放牧方式下草场群落数量特征、群落物种多样性和土壤养分的差异。结果表明：禁牧对于草场植被恢复有显著效果，但长期禁牧会降低群落物种多样性；长期禁牧后于2016年开始放牧的草场生长状况更好，群落的高度、盖度、密度和生物量等数量特征显著提高，并且改善了土壤养分状况。综上所述，阿拉善目前所制定的禁牧与放牧相结合的放牧利用方式是科学合理的，既能保护草地又可获得经济收益。

Effects of Different Grazing Patterns on Community Characteristics and Soil Nutrients in the Main Pasture Types of Alxa Zuoqi

To explore the impact of different grazing patterns on the Alxa Zuoqi pastures,four main pasture types,including Potaninia mongolica,Haloxylon ammodendron,Reaumuria soongorica+Caragana tibetica and Reaumuria soongorica+Salsola passerina,were selected to analyze the differences of community characteristics,species diversity and soil nutrients under three grazing patterns,covering non-grazing,grazing from 2016 and long-term grazing.The results showed that non-grazing had a significant effect on the vegetation restoration,while species diversity was reduced by the long-term non-grazing. The community characteristics and soil nutrients were obviously improved under the pattern of grazing from 2016. On the whole,we conclude that the combination pattern of non-grazing and moderate grazing is scientific and rational to protect pastures and obtain economic benefits in Alxa Zuoqi.