针叶林阔叶化改造的森林生态防火效果初报

结合森林生态防火,引入木荷、苦槠、青冈、石栎、枫香等耐火目的树种对马尾松和杉木林退化系统进行阀叶化改造.在千岛湖区进行杉木间伐补植木荷、枫香,杉木萌芽林补植苦槠、青冈,马尾松林下补植枫香、青冈或苦槠、石栎四种不同阔叶化改造试验,3年后的调查测定结果表明:通过改造,优化了林分结构,马尾松阔叶化改造促进生态恢复的速度更为迅速.改造林分内枯落物比针叶林少,而枯落物含水率高;土壤含水率则因立地条件而异.阔叶化改造后具有明显提高生物多样性和防火效果及一定的涵养水源、保持水土作用.通过针叶林阔叶化改造,调整树种的组成结构、可燃物的空间分布,改善林地环境,以森林的片状控制代替林带控制,全方位有效控制森林火灾,在当前可持续发展和生态环境改善日益重视的社会背景与发展趋势下,具有推广应用前景.

Experiment on Ecological Firebreak of Broadleaved-oriented Transformation of Coniferous Forest

Experiment on transformation of degraded pine and Chinese fir forest was conducted by planting fire-resistant tree species such as Schima superba, Castanopsis sclerophylla, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Lithocarpus glaber, Liquidambar formosana. Four experiment plots were selected for filling-up of S. superba and L. formasana after intermediate cutting of Cunninghamia lanceolata in Qiandaohu, Zhejiang province, for filling-up of C. sclerophylla and C. glauca under sprout of C. lanceolata, for filling-up of L. formosana and C. glauca or C. sclerophylla and L. glaber under Pinus massoniana forest. Investigation in three years later resulted that transformation of pine forest had faster ecological recovery. Transformed forest had less litter with higher moisture content than coniferous forest. Moisture content in soil of each plot varied in accordance of site conditions. Broadleaved-oriented transformation could evidently increase biodiversity and firebreak effect, as well as water and soil conservation.