天津市降水量变化趋势的时空分布特征

本文采用非参数统计检验方法(Mann-Kendall)对天津市临近7个水文气象站点的47年间(1957-2003年)月降水量序列长期变化趋势进行分析,并用参数检验法进行对比;同时根据7个站点的结果,用Surfer7.0做出了4个季节及年降水量的Kendall值等值线图,对天津市进行空间变化分析。对12个月统计检验结果的分析表明:线性趋势统计结果与Mann-Kendall统计检验结果均有7个月的降水量呈现下降的趋势,但月份稍有不同;但两者的结果同样显示,天津市7、8两个月份下降幅度较大,以7月份最甚,b值达到-1.960mm/a,Ken-dall倾斜度值为-2.017mm/a,由此可以看出天津市汛期的7、8月份出现了降水量减少的趋势,而且减少明显;从年值的等值线图可以看出,全市各区均出现了明显的下降趋势,下降趋势呈现由市区向西北的蓟县、西南的塘沽区、汉沽区及大港区逐渐增强;在7个站点中,遵化站的Kendall倾斜度值达到-3.31mm/a,相比而言,天津站的Kendall倾斜度为-0.54mm/a,为7个站点中下降趋势最小。

Spatiotemporal Trend of Precipitation in Tianjin City

In this study monthly and annual precipitation in Tianjin city from 1957 to 2003 were analyzed for detecting long-term trend.The Mann-Kendall test,a ranked-based and non-parametric method,and linear method were used to estimate the long-term trend in the time series.The results showed that among the 12 months there were 7 months showing downward trend;July and October give the most significant decreasing trend,especially July which shows the greatest decreasing trend.The value of Kendall slope at Zunhua station is-3.31mm/a,which is the most significant decreasing tendency.