甘蓝型油菜白花性状的主基因+多基因遗传分析

 【目的】对甘蓝型油菜白花性状进行量化观察,研究其数量遗传特性,为育种利用提供理论依据。【方法】利用扫描仪和颜色提取软件对油菜新鲜花瓣进行处理,获得花瓣颜色特征值（CIE RGB值）,选择能反映花瓣颜色差异的B值,应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型多世代联合分析方法,对甘蓝型油菜杂交组合（HW243×HZ21-1和HW243×中油821）的P1、P2、F1、B1、B2和F2世代群体进行分析。【结果】甘蓝型油菜白花性状表现为一数量性状,其遗传符合两对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型,以主基因作用为主,多基因的作用相对较小。两对主基因的加性、显性和上位性效应均具有较大的作用。在F2群体中主基因的遗传率为96.94%和95.83%,多基因遗传率为3.93%和2.47%;在B1群体中主基因的遗传率为54.58%和49.57%,多基因遗传率分别为35.64%和46.9%;在B2群体中主基因的遗传率为98.14%和97.67%,多基因遗传率分别为0.98%和2.06%。【结论】甘蓝型油菜白花性状具有数量性状的遗传特性,其遗传符合两对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因遗传模型,以主基因效应为主,多基因效应相对较小。主基因的遗传力较高,受环境影响较小。

Genetic Analysis of White Flower Color with Mixed Model of Major Gene Plus Polygene in Brassica napus L.

Objective] White flower color in Brassica napus L. was observed quantitatively and the genetic characteristics were analyzed in order to provide a theoretical basis for its applications in rapeseed breeding. Method] Six generations (P_1, P_2, F_1, B_1, B_2 and F_2) of two crosses (HW243×HZ21-1, HW243xZhongyou 821) were used as genetic populations and fresh petals were taken and scanned with a computer scanner. The characteristic values (CIE RGB system ) of petal color were obtained with a self-designed computer software. The genetic characteristics of the white flower color were analyzed with a mixed model of major genes plus polygenes. Result] It was found that the white flower color in Brassica napus L. appeared to be a quantitative trait and its inheritance fitted to a mixed genetic model of two major genes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects plus polygenes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects (the E-0 model). The additive, dominant and epistatic effects of major genes were all important. Heritabilities of the major genes were estimated to be 96.94% and 95.83% in F_2, 54.58% and 49.57% in B_1, 98.14% and 97.67% in B_2. Heritabilities of the polygenes were estimated to be 3.93% and 2.47% in F_2, 35.64% and 46.9% in B_1, 0.98% and 2.06% in B_2. Conclusion] The white flower color in B. napus L. appeared to be a quantitative trait. Its inheritance fitted to a genetic model of two major genes with additive, dominant and epistatic effects plus polygenes with additive, dominant and epistatic effects. The effects of major genes were dominant and the effects of polygenes were relatively small. Heritabilities of the major genes were high, and environmental influence was small.